Chapter 29 Flashcards
T or F: A participle is a verbal adjective
true
Can a participle do what an adjective can do?
yes, and more - it can also act like a noun
What are two functions of adjectival participles?
attributive and substantival
What does it mean when an adjectival participle functions attributively?
functions as an adjective
What does it mean when an adjectival participle functions substantively?
functions as a noun
Do key words ‘while’, ‘after’, and ‘because’ apply to adjectival participles?
no
Characteristics of attributive participles
modify some other noun or pronoun in sentence, and agrees with that word in case, number, and gender - just like an adjective
How can an attributive participle be translated?
simple -ing form
Normal construction of attributive participles
article - noun - article - modifier
Characteristics of substantival participles
case is determined by function of participle in the sentence, number and gender are determined by who or what the participle is representing
Will the translation of the substantival participle often require extra words
yes - such as ‘the one who is’
True of False: Translation of Greek participle is often idiomatic
true
Best way to translate Greek participle
look at what the Greek means and figure out how to say the same thing in English - use common sense with the words you add
What could be used if participle is singular
one, he, she, or that (if neuter)
What could be used if participle is plural
they or those
What could be used along with who
which
True or false: The need for aspect is weakened in the attributive and substantival participle
true
Since a participle can function as an adjective or noun,how can you tell which is which
context - often the presence or absence of a noun helps distinguish between the two
2 clues to tell if a participle is adjectival or adverbial
1 - is it preceded by an article (adverbial participle is always anarthrous as a general rule) 2 - context (which makes more sense)
If there is an article, which participle (adjectival or adverbial) can it not be
adverbial
Question 1 to ask of any participle
What is the case, number, and gender of the participle, and why (i.e. what word is it modifying)?
Question 2 to ask of any participle
Is the action (or state of being) in the participle directed toward a verb (adverbial) or a noun (adjectival)?
Question 3 to ask of any participle
If it is adverbial, do you use ‘while’ or ‘after’
Question 4 to ask of any participle
If it is adjectival, is it attributive or sustantival
Question 5 to ask of any participle
What is the aspect of the participle? Continuous (present) or undefined (aorist)?
Question 6 to ask of any participle
What is the voice of the participle
Question 7 to ask of any participle
What does the verb mean
