Chapter 21 Flashcards
Greek not only expresses past tense but also
the type of past tense - or aspect
2 aspects of past tense in Greek
imperfect and aorist
imperfect past tense
continuous action, usually occurring in past (I was loving)
aorist past tense
undefined action usually occurring in past (I loved)
What is the prefix in Greek that identifies the past tense
augment
Which tense uses an augment: primary or secondary
secondary
Which tense does not use an augment: primary or secondary
primary
What can you assume when you see a secondary personal ending?
The verb is augmented
Imperfect Active Indicative Chart
augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary active personal endings
Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative Chart
augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary passive personal endings
4 characteristics of imperfect verbs
augment, present tense stem, connecting vowels, secondary personal endings
How many ways do verbs augment in Greek?
3
1st way a verb augments - consonant
If a verb begins with a consonant, the augment is an epsilon, always with smooth breathing
2nd way a verb augments - vowel
If a verb begins with a single vowel, the augment is formed by lengthening that vowel
3rd way a verb augments - diphthong
If a verb begins with a diphthong, either the first letter of the diphthong lengthens or the diphthong is not changed (i.e. epsilon upsilon verbs often to not augment. if the second vowel is an iota, it will subscript under the lengthened vowel)
True or false, The present tense stem is used to form the imperfect tense
true
Why is the imperfect often not in lexicons?
It is based on the present tense stem
True or false: The imperfect is not formed with the same connecting vowels as the present
False - It is formed with the same connecting vowels as the present
Which personal endings do imperfect verbs use?
secondary personal endings
If a verb is deponent in the present, it will be…
deponent in imperfect since the imperfect uses present tense stems
The verbal root, and whether it has been modified or not is an important clue to what:
the identification of verbal forms
Imperfect verb is translated as
past continuous (i.e. was studying)
Where does the augment appear in a compound verb:
after the preposition and before the stem of the verb
What happens to the final vowel of a preposition when combined with the augment to make a compound verb:
It usually drops out before the augment or stays in a few cases but does not contract with the augment
