Chapter 26 Flashcards
What is a participle?
an -ing word like eating or sleeping
True or False: In English a participle is a verbal adjective
True
What does it mean to say that a participle is a verbal adjective?
it has verbal characteristics
Because a participle is a verbal adjective, it shares the characteristics of
both verbs and adjectives
Participle similarities to verbs
have tense (aorist, present, perfect) and voice (active, middle, passive)
Participle similarities to adjectives
agrees with the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender
How is a participial phrase formed?
the participle has modifiers like the direct object or the adverb
Is word order often critical when thinking about a participial phrase in Greek?
Yes, much like in English
Are participles common and important in Greek?
yes
What patterns do participles follow?
first, second, and third declension inflected patterns
What types of verbs can a participle be built on?
any type of verb
How do you form a participle?
start with verb, sometimes add a connecting vowel, add participle morpheme and case endings
What is a morpheme?
smallest unit of meaning in the formation of a word
What is the key to understanding the meaning of participles?
recognize that their significance is primarily one of aspect (i.e. type of action)
present participle
continuous action and formed from present stem of a verb
aorist participle
describes action with no commentary on nature of action (undefined) and is formed from aorist stem of a verb
perfect participle
completed action with present effects and formed from perfect stem of a verb
2 basic uses of a participle
1 - adverbial participle, 2 - adjective participle
adverbial participle
the action described by participle is primarily pointed to the verb
adjectival participle
action described by participle is primarily modifying a noun or pronoun
What is key to memorize in regards to the verbal side of the participle?
morphemes: present - vt, aorist - vt, perfect - ot
True or False: The adverbial participle can be active, middle, passive, or deponent (if corresponding verb is)
true
What does it mean if the adverbial participle is active?
the word its modifying is doing the action of the participle
What does it mean if the adverbial participle is passive?
the word its modifying is receiving the action
What does it mean if the adverbial participle is deponent?
the verb its built on is deponent
What does the adjectival participle agree with when forming?
the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender (makes it easy to match the noun and participle)
True or false: a participle has other characteristics it shares with a verb
true
Can a participle have a direct object in the accusative?
yes
Can a participle have modifiers such as prepositional phrases, adverbs, etc?
Yes
What is normally used in the indicative to show negation?
ou
What is normally used to indicate negation with participles?
mu and eta
True or False: a participle uses personal verb endings
false
Why do participles not need personal verb endings?
they are not a finite verbal form and therefore not limited by subject
What 8 things must be remembered in regards to parsing participles?
tense, voice, participle, case, number, gender, lexical form, meaning of inflected form
