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biology 2 > chapter 27 the senses > Flashcards

chapter 27 the senses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the [blank] connect the nervous system to the outside world

A

senses

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2
Q

general senses

A

all over the body

touch, temperature, pain

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3
Q

special senses

A

restricted to the head

hearing and equilibrium, vision, smell, and taste

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4
Q

sensory receptors

A

cells found in sense organs that translate stimuli into electrical signals (transduction)

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5
Q

transduction

A

a process that translates stimuli into electrical signals

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6
Q

type of receptors in skin

A

mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptor

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7
Q

where are pain receptors located?

A

everywhere except for the brain

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8
Q

the stretching of muscles and ligaments is the stimulus for this type of receptor

A

proprioceptor

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9
Q

the nasal cavity, mouth and tongue have this type of receptor

A

chemoreceptor

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10
Q

type of receptor in eyes

A

photoreceptor

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11
Q

type of receptor in ears?

A

mechanoreceptor

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12
Q

During transduction, sensory receptor cells undergo changes in the membrane potential, cueing…

A

receptor potentials

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13
Q

action potentials carry…

A

information from the sensory receptors to the brain

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14
Q

If the receptor potential reaches threshold…

A

an action potential occurs in the sensory receptor

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15
Q

sensation

A

the raw input from the peripheral nervous system that arrives at the central nervous system

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16
Q

perception

A

the brain’s interpretation of a sensation

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17
Q

Under constant stimulation, a sensory receptor generates [blank] action potentials, leading to [blank]

A

fewer

sensory adaptation

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18
Q

what happens during sensory adaptation

A

sensations cease to reach the central nervous system

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19
Q

receptor that responds to temperature

A

thermoreceptor

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20
Q

mechanoreceptor

A

respond to physical stimuli such as sound or touch

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21
Q

pain receptors

A

respond to physical damage to body tissues

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22
Q

why can the brain receive pain, touch, and heat at the same time?

A

because pain, touch, and heat have unique receptors

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23
Q

receptor to sense the position of body parts

A

proprioceptor

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24
Q

chemoreceptors respond to …

A

chemicals

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25
Q

olfaction

A

the sense of smell

detects chemicals in the air

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26
Q

Inside of the nose is lined with [blank] receptor cells. Each has one type of [blank] receptor, which responds to only a [blank] odorant molecules

A

olfactory
protein
few

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27
Q

how does the brain receive information about smell

A

each olfactory receptor synapses with olfactory bulb neurons, which send signals to the olfactory cortex of the brain

28
Q

gustation

A

the sense of taste, which allows us to detect chemicals only at close range

29
Q

papillae on the [blank] house [blank]

A

tongue

taste buds

30
Q

each taste bud has several [blank]

A

taste receptor cells

31
Q

how does the brain receive information about taste

A

taste receptor cells respond to dissolved food molecules and relay messages to sensory nerves leading to the brain

32
Q

the sense of vision detects…

A

light

33
Q

how does vision work?

A

specialized cells in the eye send signals to the brain, which interprets those signals as an image

34
Q

how light enters and travels through the eye

A

light passes through the cornea and aqueous humor to the pupil
the lens bends the light, which converges at the retina

35
Q

pupil

A

the opening in the iris that allows light into the eye

36
Q

how do glasses work?

A

they change the path of light

37
Q

thousands of photoreceptors line the back of the [blank]

A

retina

38
Q

rod cells

A

provide black-and-white vision in dim light

39
Q

cone cells

A

detect color

40
Q

pigment molecules are found in [blank] and absorb…

A

rods and cones

light

41
Q

signals pass through the optic nerves to the [blank] in the back of the brain

A

visual cortex

42
Q

forms that invertebrate eyes can take

A

eye cups, compound eyes, and single-lens eye

43
Q

eye cups

A

distinguish light intensity and direction

44
Q

compound eyes

A

distinguish shapes; “mosaic vision”

45
Q

single-lens eye

A

forms distinct images

46
Q

how does hearing work?

A

sensory receptors in the inner ear translate vibrations in the air into action potentials

47
Q

vibrations in the air are funneled through the [blank] toward the [blank]

A

auditory canal

eardrum

48
Q

eardrum vibrations vibrate three small middle ear bones called…

A

the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

49
Q

the vibrating stirrup moves the [blank], which connects the…

A

oval window

middle ear to the inner ear

50
Q

transduction occurs at cells in the [blank] of the inner ear

A

cochlea

51
Q

vibrations move like [blank] through the [blank] filled chambers of the cochlea

A

waves

fluid

52
Q

hair cells detect [blank] and are embedded in…

A

vibrations

the basilar membrane of the cochlea

53
Q

the movement of the cochlear fluid bends [blank] on hair cells, producing [blank].

A

cilia

receptor potentials

54
Q

auditory nerve

A

transmits signals to the brain

55
Q

the location and intensity of hair cell stimulation does not communicate information about the sound to the brain
true or false

A

false

56
Q

lower-pitched sounds do not vibrate hair cells farther into the cochlea than do higher-pitched sounds
true or false?

A

false

57
Q

do louder sounds stimulate more or less hair cells than quieter sounds

A

more

58
Q

does the inner ear provide the sense of equilibrium?

A

yes

59
Q

Near the cochlea in the inner ear is the [blank]. It consists of two pouches and three semicircular canals

A

vestibular apparatus

60
Q

fluid in the pouches and semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus moves…

A

the cilia of hair cells

61
Q

does the fluid in vestibular apparatus move as the body moves?

A

yes

62
Q

utricle

A

pouch in the vestibular apparatus

fluid in the pouch moves when the head accelerates horizontally

63
Q

saccule

A

pouch in the vestibular apparatus

the fluid in the pouch moves when the head accelerates vertically

64
Q

what do the semicircular canals detect and how are they oriented

A

they detect whether the head is rotating

they are oriented in different directions

65
Q

do senses help maintain homeostasis?

A

yes

biology 2 (15 decks)

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