chapter 27 the senses

Question 1

the [blank] connect the nervous system to the outside world

Answer 1

senses

Question 2

general senses

Answer 2

all over the body

touch, temperature, pain

Question 3

special senses

Answer 3

restricted to the head

hearing and equilibrium, vision, smell, and taste

Question 4

sensory receptors

Answer 4

cells found in sense organs that translate stimuli into electrical signals (transduction)

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

a process that translates stimuli into electrical signals

Question 6

type of receptors in skin

Answer 6

mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptor

Question 7

where are pain receptors located?

Answer 7

everywhere except for the brain

Question 8

the stretching of muscles and ligaments is the stimulus for this type of receptor

Answer 8

proprioceptor

Question 9

the nasal cavity, mouth and tongue have this type of receptor

Answer 9

chemoreceptor

Question 10

type of receptor in eyes

Answer 10

photoreceptor

Question 11

type of receptor in ears?

Answer 11

mechanoreceptor

Question 12

During transduction, sensory receptor cells undergo changes in the membrane potential, cueing…

Answer 12

receptor potentials

Question 13

action potentials carry…

Answer 13

information from the sensory receptors to the brain

Question 14

If the receptor potential reaches threshold…

Answer 14

an action potential occurs in the sensory receptor

Question 15

sensation

Answer 15

the raw input from the peripheral nervous system that arrives at the central nervous system

Question 16

perception

Answer 16

the brain’s interpretation of a sensation

Question 17

Under constant stimulation, a sensory receptor generates [blank] action potentials, leading to [blank]

Answer 17

fewer

sensory adaptation

Question 18

what happens during sensory adaptation

Answer 18

sensations cease to reach the central nervous system

Question 19

receptor that responds to temperature

Answer 19

thermoreceptor

Question 20

mechanoreceptor

Answer 20

respond to physical stimuli such as sound or touch

Question 21

pain receptors

Answer 21

respond to physical damage to body tissues

Question 22

why can the brain receive pain, touch, and heat at the same time?

Answer 22

because pain, touch, and heat have unique receptors

Question 23

receptor to sense the position of body parts

Answer 23

proprioceptor

Question 24

chemoreceptors respond to …

Answer 24

chemicals

Question 25

olfaction

Answer 25

the sense of smell | detects chemicals in the air

Question 26

Inside of the nose is lined with [blank] receptor cells. Each has one type of [blank] receptor, which responds to only a [blank] odorant molecules

Answer 26

olfactory protein few

Question 27

how does the brain receive information about smell

Answer 27

each olfactory receptor synapses with olfactory bulb neurons, which send signals to the olfactory cortex of the brain

Question 28

gustation

Answer 28

the sense of taste, which allows us to detect chemicals only at close range

Question 29

papillae on the [blank] house [blank]

Answer 29

tongue | taste buds

Question 30

each taste bud has several [blank]

Answer 30

taste receptor cells

Question 31

how does the brain receive information about taste

Answer 31

taste receptor cells respond to dissolved food molecules and relay messages to sensory nerves leading to the brain

Question 32

the sense of vision detects...

Answer 32

light

Question 33

how does vision work?

Answer 33

specialized cells in the eye send signals to the brain, which interprets those signals as an image

Question 34

how light enters and travels through the eye

Answer 34

light passes through the cornea and aqueous humor to the pupil the lens bends the light, which converges at the retina

Question 35

pupil

Answer 35

the opening in the iris that allows light into the eye

Question 36

how do glasses work?

Answer 36

they change the path of light

Question 37

thousands of photoreceptors line the back of the [blank]

Answer 37

retina

Question 38

rod cells

Answer 38

provide black-and-white vision in dim light

Question 39

cone cells

Answer 39

detect color

Question 40

pigment molecules are found in [blank] and absorb...

Answer 40

rods and cones | light

Question 41

signals pass through the optic nerves to the [blank] in the back of the brain

Answer 41

visual cortex

Question 42

forms that invertebrate eyes can take

Answer 42

eye cups, compound eyes, and single-lens eye

Question 43

eye cups

Answer 43

distinguish light intensity and direction

Question 44

compound eyes

Answer 44

distinguish shapes; "mosaic vision"

Question 45

single-lens eye

Answer 45

forms distinct images

Question 46

how does hearing work?

Answer 46

sensory receptors in the inner ear translate vibrations in the air into action potentials

Question 47

vibrations in the air are funneled through the [blank] toward the [blank]

Answer 47

auditory canal | eardrum

Question 48

eardrum vibrations vibrate three small middle ear bones called...

Answer 48

the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Question 49

the vibrating stirrup moves the [blank], which connects the...

Answer 49

oval window | middle ear to the inner ear

Question 50

transduction occurs at cells in the [blank] of the inner ear

Answer 50

cochlea

Question 51

vibrations move like [blank] through the [blank] filled chambers of the cochlea

Answer 51

waves | fluid

Question 52

hair cells detect [blank] and are embedded in...

Answer 52

vibrations | the basilar membrane of the cochlea

Question 53

the movement of the cochlear fluid bends [blank] on hair cells, producing [blank].

Answer 53

cilia | receptor potentials

Question 54

auditory nerve

Answer 54

transmits signals to the brain

Question 55

the location and intensity of hair cell stimulation does not communicate information about the sound to the brain true or false

Answer 55

false

Question 56

lower-pitched sounds do not vibrate hair cells farther into the cochlea than do higher-pitched sounds true or false?

Answer 56

false

Question 57

do louder sounds stimulate more or less hair cells than quieter sounds

Answer 57

more

Question 58

does the inner ear provide the sense of equilibrium?

Answer 58

yes

Question 59

Near the cochlea in the inner ear is the [blank]. It consists of two pouches and three semicircular canals

Answer 59

vestibular apparatus

Question 60

fluid in the pouches and semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus moves...

Answer 60

the cilia of hair cells

Question 61

does the fluid in vestibular apparatus move as the body moves?

Answer 61

yes

Question 62

utricle

Answer 62

pouch in the vestibular apparatus | fluid in the pouch moves when the head accelerates horizontally

Question 63

saccule

Answer 63

pouch in the vestibular apparatus | the fluid in the pouch moves when the head accelerates vertically

Question 64

what do the semicircular canals detect and how are they oriented

Answer 64

they detect whether the head is rotating | they are oriented in different directions

Question 65

do senses help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 65

yes