Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology 2 > chapter 19: Plants > Flashcards

chapter 19: Plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants are members of kingdom..?

A

Plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do plants provide for other species?

A

habitats and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are plants multicellular?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what domain are plants in?

A

Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What protist is the closest relative of plants?

A

Green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Charophytes?

A

a group of modern green algae

They are most similar to the ancestors of plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what molecular features do plants and green algae have in common?

A

chloroplasts contain the same pigments, cell walls contain cellulose, and they both use starch as a storage molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the differences between green algae and plants?

A

Green algae live in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does environment affect body types and reproductive strategies?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the groups plants are divided in

A

Nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did plants arose?

A

during the Paleozoic era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adaptation to live on land for plants

A

leaves, vascular tissue, roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the cuticle do?

A

keeps leaves from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the stomata do?

A

it allows for gas exchanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vascular tissue

A

a bundle of tubes that transports water, minerals, and sugar throughout the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do roots do?

A

absorb water and minerals while anchoring the plant in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

do plant gametes and zygotes both grow into adult organisms and reproduce?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

do all plants have similar life cycles, if so what does that mean evolution wise?

A

yes

it means that all plants have a shared common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the plant life cycle is called…

A

alternation of generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

during alternation of generations a multicellular [blank] stage alternates with a multicellular [blank] stage

A

diploid

haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a fertilized egg forms a diploid [blank], which develops by [blank] cell division into multicellular [blank] plant called a…

A

zygote
mitotic
diploid
sporophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the sporophyte plant produces [blank] spores by [blank]

A

haploid

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spores divide by [blank] into multicellular, [haploid or diploid] [blank]

A

mitosis
haploid
gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the [haploid or diploid] gametophyte produces [blank] by [blank]

A

haploid
gametes
mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the gametes fuse at [blank] forming a [haploid or diploid] [blank] and starting the cycle again

A

fertilization
diploid
zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

in simpler plants the gametophyte is [larger or smaller] and [more or less] dependent on the sporophyte.
Is this true in complex plants or is the reverse true?

A

larger
less
reverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

do seed plants produce pollen?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

does pollen contain the male gametophyte or the female?

A

male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

can pollination happen without water?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

do animals help the spread of pollen?

A

yes, often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

[blank] carry dormant plant embryos packaged with a food supply and protected from drying out. They can be dispersed long distances and remain dormant until conditions are favorable

A

seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

[blank] produce pollen and egg cells.

A

flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

[blank] develop after fertilization, to protect and disperse the plant offspring

A

fruits

35
Q

there are about 24000 existing species of [blank] or “nonvascular” plants

A

bryophytes

36
Q

mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are…

A

bryophytes

37
Q

[blank] are nonvascular and seedless

A

bryophytes

38
Q

the earliest plants probably resembled modern…

A

bryophytes

39
Q

why do bryophytes lack physical support?

A

because they lack vascular tissue and lignin

40
Q

what does lignin do?

A

strengthen the cell wall

41
Q

how do materials move from cell to cell in bryophytes?

A

diffusion and osmosis

42
Q

where do bryophytes live and why

A

moist shady habitats

so they don’t dry out

43
Q

do bryophytes have a small sporophyte or a big one?

A

small

44
Q

do bryophyte sexual reproduction require water? If so, why?

A

yes because the sperm swims to the egg

45
Q

can bryophytes reproduce asexually?

A

yes

46
Q

gemmae

A

small pieces of tissue that detach from the gametophyte and grow into new plants

47
Q

which plants are gemmae found

A

mosses and liverworts

48
Q

what do seedless vascular plants have that bryophytes do not?

A

true roots, stems, and leaves

49
Q

what advantage to seedless vascular plants have over bryophytes?

A

they can grow much taller, which gives them and edge in competing for sunlight

50
Q

the four groups of seedless vascular plants

A

club mosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and true ferns

51
Q

the earliest seedless vascular plants were probably ….

A

modern club mosses

52
Q

when did the first vascular plants originated

A

425 million years ago

53
Q

whisk ferns, horsetails, and true ferns first appeared…

A

375 million years ago

54
Q

do seedless vascular plant have a conspicuous sporophyte?

A

yes

55
Q

where do the spores grow on seedless vascular plants?

A

the underside of leaves

56
Q

do seedless vascular plant require water for reproduction?

A

yes

57
Q

in gymnosperms and angiosperms, is the sporophyte more or less prominent that the gametophyte?

A

more

58
Q

“naked seed” plants

A

gymnosperms

59
Q

what new reproductive adaptation allowed gymnosperms to outcompete seedless vascular plants?

A

seeds

60
Q

[blank] were prevalent in the Mesozoic era, but many species are near extinction in the wild today. They have palmlike leaves and produce large cones

A

cycads

61
Q

Only one species exists today, and it no longer grows wild in nature. The [blank] tree has distinctive, fan-shaped leaves

A

ginkgo

62
Q

[blank] such as pine trees are familiar gymnosperms. Their leaves are needlelike and they produce egg cells and pollen in cones

A

conifers

63
Q

These gymnosperms have a mixture of traits that make them difficult to classify.

A

Gnetophytes

64
Q

where do gymnosperm sporophytes produce their spores?

A

in cones

65
Q

which type of gymnosperm sporophyte [male or female] produce microspores on cone scales?

A

male

66
Q

which type of gymnosperm sporophyte [male or female] produce megaspores on cone scales

A

females

67
Q

[blank] on female cone scales produce megaspores

A

ovules

68
Q

[blank] fametophytes are enclosed inside grains of pollen. Pollen can be dispersed by [blank] to settle on new plants

A

male

wind

69
Q

the tiny [blank] gametophytes stay in the cone, enclosed inside the [blank]

A

female

ovule

70
Q

does the fertilization of gymnosperms require water?

A

no

71
Q

gymnosperm zygotes stay inside [blank]

A

seeds

72
Q

[blank] have a tough outer coat and can be dispersed by wind or animals

A

gymnosperm seeds

73
Q

what happens to a seed when conditions are favorable?

A

they will germinate into seedlings, which develop into mature sporophyte trees

74
Q

[blank] have flowers and fruit

A

angiosperms

75
Q

95% of all living plant species are…

A

angiosperms

76
Q

Angiosperms produce pollen and egg cells in [blank], which develop into fruit after [blank]

A

flowers

fertilization

77
Q

97% of angiosperms are either [blank] or [blank]

A

eudicots

monocots

78
Q

basal angiosperms are a [blank] group

A

paraphyletic group

79
Q

[blank] have two cotyledons, which are the first leaves to emerge during germination. Their pollen grains have three pores.

A

eudicots

80
Q

roses, daisies, sunflowers, oak trees, beans, and the model organism arabidopsis

A

eudicots

81
Q

[blank] have one cotyledon. Their pollen grains have one pore

A

monocots

82
Q

orchids, lilies, grass, bananas, rice, wheat, and corn are examples of…

A

monocots

83
Q

[blank] are sporophyte reproductive structures in angiosperms

A

flowers

84
Q

[blank] have double fertilization

A

angiosperms

biology 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions