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BMS 251 > Chapter 24 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

BP within glomerulus high due to arteriole size; pushes water and solutes out of blood to capsular space

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

What will increase glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

A

Afferent arteriole is wider and efferent arteriole is smaller

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3
Q

Oppose glomerular hydrostatic pressure, pulls fluid back into capillary

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

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4
Q

Oppose glomerular hydrostatic pressure; pressure in Bowman’s capsule, impedes movement of water and solutes

A

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

Rate at which the volume of filtrate is formed

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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6
Q

What are some influencing factors of GFR?

A

net flirtation pressure, renal auto regulation

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7
Q

what happens to GFR when you increase net filtration pressure

A

increase

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8
Q

Maintains BP and GFR

A

renal autoregulation

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9
Q

Maintain normal glomerular BP; cause smooth muscle cells to relax which causes blood volume to increase which helps with GFR and glomerular BP to stay constant

A

Mogenic mechanism

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10
Q

Increases systemic BP by increasing NaCl in filtrate, signals smooth muscle cells on afferent arterioles to vasoconstrictor which causes a decrease in blood volume

A

Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

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11
Q

Decrease urine output to conserve fluid; AP is sent to afferent and efferent arterioles which result in vasoconstriction which decreases blood flow causing glomerular BP to decrease

A

Sympathetic stimulation

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12
Q

What is the stimulus for hormonal control to regulate GFR

A

Stretch in the atria

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13
Q

Released from heart and targets afferent arterioles that causes vasodilation, increases blood flow going in glomerulus, glomerular pressure increases and GFR increases

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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14
Q

What nutrients are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

Glucose, amino acids, lactate

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15
Q

What hormones and proteins are reabsorbed in the PCT

A

Insulin, angiotensin, any hormone/protein

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16
Q

Where does sodium reabsorption occur in the nephron loop?

A

All through the loop

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17
Q

Produced by adrenal cortex; secreted in response to high K+ and low Na+ levels in blood, increases the number of sodium potassium pumps which increase the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium

A

Aldosterone

18
Q

Produced by the heart; stimulus from stretch of heart wall; inhibit reabsorption of sodium (more sodium in nephron),

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

19
Q

where does water absorption occur?

A

Entire nephron

20
Q

Where does potassium absorption occur?

A

Mostly PCT

21
Q

Cells that reabsorb K+ continuously (not dependent on anything)

A

Intercalated cells

22
Q

Cells that secrete K+ based on aldosterone

A

Principle cells

23
Q

Where are bicarbonate ions absorbed?

A

mostly PCT

24
Q

Why do we need HCO3?

A

Control pH (buffers hydrogen ions)

25
Q

part of the nephron that regulates urine pH

A

collecting duct

26
Q

What are the 3 waste products?

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine

27
Q

Protein breakdown in liver

A

urea

28
Q

Where is urea filtered?

A

Glomerulus

29
Q

Nucleic acid breakdown in liver

A

Uric acid

30
Q

where is uric acid filtered?

A

Glomerulus

31
Q

Metabolism in muscle tissue

A

creatinine

32
Q

Where is creatinine secreted?

A

DCT

33
Q

What 2 mechanisms create a concentration gradient in the kidneys?

A

Countercurrent multiplier and countercurrent exchange

34
Q

Contraction of internal urethral sphincter, inhibits contraction of detrusor muscle

A

Sympathetic neurons

35
Q

Contraction of detrusor muscle, relaxation of internal urethral sphincter

A

Parasympathetic neurons

36
Q

Contraction of external urethral sphincter

A

Somatic motor neurons

37
Q

What is the storage reflex controlled by?

A

Sympathetic stimulation and somatic motor stimulation

38
Q

Allows relaxation of detrusor muscle, contraction of internal urethral sphincter to store urine

A

Sympathetic stimulation

39
Q

Allows contraction of external sphincter to keep urine in

A

Somatic motor stimulation

40
Q

What is the micturition reflex controlled by?

A

Parasympathetic and somatic nervous system

41
Q

What is the reflex pathway for micturition?

A
  1. baroreceptors detect stretch of bladder wall, AP created
  2. AP sent to ons and bladder
  3. Results end with detrusor muscle to contract and internal urethral sphincter relax
  4. AP sent to cerebral cortex for sensation ot urinate

BMS 251 (12 decks)

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