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BMS 251 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Transports blood throughout the body to allow exchange of substances, respiratory gates, nutrients and waste products between the blood of capillaries and the body’s cells

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Carries blood away from the heart, higher blood pressure

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Carries blood to the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Site of substance exchange, smallest, found in tissues

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Ventricles eject blood

A

Systole

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6
Q

ventricles relax and fill with blood

A

Diastole

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7
Q

What chambers of the heart are systemic

A

Right atrium, left ventricle

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8
Q

What chambers of the heart are pulmonary

A

Right ventricle, left atrium

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9
Q

Blood goes from right side of the heart to the lungs back to the left side of the heart; deoxygenated

A

Pulmonary circulation

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10
Q

Blood goes from the left side of the heart to the body to the right side of the heart; oxygenated

A

Systemic circulation

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11
Q

Form nodal tissue, 1% of the heart, specialized for generating and conducting electrical impulses in the heart

A

Autorrhythmic cells

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12
Q

What is the resting membrane potential for auto rhythmic cells?

A

-60mV

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13
Q

Located in the ceiling of the right atrium, generates action potential

A

SA node

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14
Q

What is the threshold for auto rhythmic cells?

A

-40mV

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15
Q

Comprises 99% of the heart, forms myocardium, pumps blood upon contraction

A

Contractile cells

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16
Q

What is the resting membrane potential for contractile cells

A

-90mV

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17
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

P Wave

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18
Q

Action potential travels down ventricular septum

A

Q wave

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19
Q

Ventricles contract

A

ST segment

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20
Q

Spread depolarization through ventricles

A

S wave

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21
Q

Action potential spreads through the purkinje fibers

A

R wave

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22
Q

Conduction through AV node and AV bundle, atria contract

A

PQ segment

23
Q

Ventricles repolarize

24
Q

Contraction of the heart

25
Q

Relaxation of the heart, both result in 1 directional flow of blood open/close of heart valves

26
Q
  • Both atria and ventricles in diastole
  • Blood fills up atria
  • AV valves open
  • Semilunar valves close
  • Blood moves into ventricles
27
Q
  • SA node cause AP to AV node
  • Atria stimulated to contract and blood is pushed into ventricles
  • Filling of ventricles are complete
A

Atrial Systole

28
Q

Maximum blood volume in ventricles at end of atrial contraction

A

End diastolic volume

29
Q

No change in ventricular blood volume during contraction

A

Isovolumetric contraction

30
Q

Amount of blood left after contraction in ventricles

A

Endsystolic volume

31
Q

Volume of blood doesn’t change in ventricles during relaxation

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

32
Q
  • Action potential travels to AV node to inter ventricular septum to purkinje fibers
  • Ventricles contract and pressure increases in ventricles
  • AV valves close, all 4 valves are shut
  • Atria repolarize and blood comes into atria
A

Early ventricular systole

33
Q

Pressure greater in ventricles, causes semilunar valves to open and blood is ejected into vessels

A

Late ventricular systole

34
Q

Ventricles repolarize, pressure decrease, semilunar valves shut, all 4 valves shut

A

Early ventricular diastole

35
Q

Pressure decreases, AV valves open, everything is at rest, happens 72 times per minute

A

Late ventricular diastole

36
Q

Volume of blood ejected by ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac output

37
Q

How do you find cardiac output

A

stroke volume x heart rate

38
Q

What influences cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume and heart rate

39
Q

Number of beats per minute

A

Heart rate

40
Q

Volume of blood ejected during one beat

A

Stroke volume

41
Q

How do you fine stroke volume?

A

End diastolic volume - end systolic volume

42
Q

Any externa factor that changes the heart rate

A

Chronotopic agents

43
Q

Gives excitatory response, increases heart rate, activates sympathetic nervous system

A

Positive chronotropic agent

44
Q

Inhibitory response, decreases heart rate

A

negative chronotopic agents

45
Q

Stretch of heart wall due to volume of blood before ventricular contraction

46
Q

Volume of blood returned to heart

A

venous return

47
Q

any external factor that change stroke volume by altering contractility

A

inotropic agents

48
Q

What are some examples of inotropic agents?

49
Q

more calcium= ___ stroke volume

50
Q

less calcium = ____ stroke volume

51
Q

Pressure that must be exceeded before blood is ejected from the chamber, amount of pressure sitting on the semilunar valves that must be overcome before ventricular ejection can occur

52
Q

More pressure = ____ ejection

53
Q

Increase resistance = ____ stroke volume

54
Q

make FC for steps

BMS 251 (12 decks)

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