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BMS 251 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of simple squamous epithelium and releases substances to regulate contraction/relaxation of tunica media

A

tunica interna

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2
Q

used for vasodilation and vasoconstriction, made of smooth muscle

A

tunica media

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3
Q

made of areolar connective tissue, anchors to other structures

A

tunica externa

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4
Q

smaller tunica internal, thick tunica media, thin tunica externa

A

arteries

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5
Q

large tunica interna/lumen, thin tunica media, thick tunica externa

A

veins

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6
Q

largest arteries containing lots of elastin in tunica media, used to stretch and recoil

A

elastic arteries

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7
Q

Where are elastic arteries found?

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, common iliac artery

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8
Q

medium sized arteries that distribute blood to certain body parts, used for vasodilation and vasoconstriction more smooth muscle

A

muscular arteries

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9
Q

Where are muscular arteries found?

A

most arteries

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10
Q

Smallest, think tunica media, always vasoconstrictor

A

arterioles

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11
Q

where are arterioles found?

A

off of muscular arteries

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12
Q

term for always vasoconstricted

A

vasomotor tone

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13
Q

smallest veins; companion vessel to arterioles, drains capillaries

A

venules

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14
Q

malfunction in valve of vein, blood pools up

A

varicose veins

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15
Q

companion vessels to muscular arteries, most have valves that dump blood to large veins

A

medium veins

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16
Q

companion to elastic arteries, most don’t have valves because they’re near the heart; act as blood reservoirs

A

large veins

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17
Q

connect arterioles to venules, optimal for exchange of substances between blood and body tissue

A

capillaries

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18
Q

What is the lining of continuous capillaries?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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19
Q

what is the basement membrane of continuous capillaries?

A

have small gap junctions called intercellular clefts

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20
Q

allows small solute movement

A

intercellular clefts

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21
Q

where are continuous capillaries found in?

A

capillaries within muscle, CNS, skin, thymus, lungs

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22
Q

Thin areas on endothelial layer called fenestrations which allow plasma proteins and small solutes to pass through

A

fenestrated capillaries

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23
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

small intestine, ciliary process, choroid plexus, kidney, endocrine glands

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24
Q

Have large openings between them, incomplete layer which allows for passage of large solutes

A

Sinusoids

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25
Q

Where are sinusoids located?

A

red bone marrow, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland

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26
Q

contract and relax involuntarily in capillary bed

A

precapillary sphincter

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27
Q

Pressure of fluid on wall on capillary

A

hydrostatic pressure

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28
Q

What pulls water towards higher concentration of solute in capillary bed

A

osmotic pressure

29
Q

Difference between osmotic and hydrostatic pressure

A

Net filtration rate

30
Q

What are vasodilators caused from?

A

high CO2 low nutrients

31
Q

Substances that dilate arterioles and relaxation of precapillary sphincter

A

vasodilator

32
Q

force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels

A

blood pressure

33
Q

substances that constrict arterioles and contract precapillary sphincters, decrease blood flow

A

vasoconstrictors

34
Q

highest blood pressure

A

arterial blood pressure

35
Q

maximum pressure on blood vessel wall; arteries stretch

A

systolic pressure

36
Q

minimum pressure on blood vessel wall; arteries recoil

A

diastolic pressure

37
Q

net pressure created by the heart each time it contracts; only arteries; measures stretch and recoil capabilities

A

pulse pressure

38
Q

how do you find pulse pressure?

A

systolic - diastolic pressure

39
Q

average blood pressure within arterial system; makes sure tissues are adequately perfused

A

mean arterial pressure

40
Q

change in blood pressure from 1 end of the BV to another end

A

BP gradient

41
Q

no pulses of blood, pressure lowered compared to arteries, pressure drops more when moving through capillary bed

A

Capillary blood pressure

42
Q

pressure is very low b/c walls of veins are thinner, little stretch/recoil

A

venous blood pressure

43
Q

rate of blood flow back to the heart

A

venous return

44
Q

pump within limbs that when muscles contract, blood moves up from legs and arms to abdominopelvic area

A

skeletal muscle pump

45
Q

What are the 2 pumps that assist in venous return?

A

skeletal muscle, respiratory

46
Q

Pump within thoracic cavity

A

respiratory pump

47
Q

Decreases pressure and moves blood to thoracic cavity

A

inhale

48
Q

increases pressure and moves blood into heart

A

exhale

49
Q

amount of friction the blood experiences as it is transported through blood vessels

A

resistance

50
Q

opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels

A

peripheral resistance

51
Q

What are 3 factors that affect resistance?

A

blood viscosity, blood vessel length and radius

52
Q

What happens to resistance if blood viscosity is thick? thin?

A

thick=more

thin=less

53
Q

What happens to resistance of vessel length is longer?

A

more resistance

54
Q

What happens to resistance of blood vessel diameter is small? large?

A

small=more

large=less

55
Q

increase cardiac output = MAP ____

A

increase

56
Q

Vessel diameter increase = MAP _____

A

increase

57
Q

resistance decreases = _____ blood flow

A

increase

58
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located?

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

Stretch receptors change, changes AP frequency

A

baroreceptors

60
Q

how much stretch in aortic arch

A

aortic arch baroreceptors

61
Q

how much stretch in internal carotid artery

A

carotid baroreceptors

62
Q

regulate heart activity (cardiac output)

A

cardiac center

63
Q

Affects the myocardium and SA node to increase heart rate

A

sympathetic nerve activity

64
Q

affect SA node and AV node to decrease heart rate

A

Parasympathetic activity

65
Q

regulates the degree of vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels

A

Vasomotor center

66
Q

What hormones increase blood pressure?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

67
Q

What is norepinephrine and epinephrine stimulated by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

68
Q

increase in stretch= ___ action potentials

A

more

69
Q

decrease in stretch = ____ action potentials

A

less

BMS 251 (12 decks)

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