Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS 251 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the respiratory system?

A

Air passageway, site of gas exchange, detection of odors, sound production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity to terminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the gas exchange portion of the respiratory system?

A

respiratory bronchiole, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is considered the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity to pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered the lower respiratory tract?

A

larynx and below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What lines most of the respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lines respiratory tract

A

Ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Produce mucus, works wit cilia

A

Goblet cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A

Warm, moistens, humidifies, cleans air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Lighten weight of skull and amplification of voices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 4 bones make up the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoid, maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

End of nasal cavity to uvula, only carries air

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

contains palatine and lingual tonsils; provides defense agains ingested or inhaled foreign materials

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serves as a common passageway for food and air

A

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes up the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.

A

Rima glottidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Produce sound as air passes between them; covered by mucus

A

True vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Protects the vocal cords; have no function in sound production

A

fasle vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

C-shaped cartilage that is not complete

A

Tracheal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscle posterior side of the trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes up the trachea?

A

Tracheal cartilage, trachealis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three regions of the bronchial tree?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Isolated subdivisions of each lobe supplied with air by a tertiary bronchi

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Subdivide into thin airways called alveolar ducts and lead into alveolar sacs; smallest

A

Respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Last of the conducting airway of bronchioles

A

Terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Wall of ____ lack cartilage

A

Bronchioles

28
Q

Closing of bronchiole vessel; caused by parasympathetic

A

Bronchoconstriction

29
Q

Opening of bronchiole vessel; caused by sympathetic

A

Bronchodilation

30
Q

Squamous epithelial cells; gas exchange is faster

A

Type 1 alveolar cell

31
Q

Makes surfactant, coat lining alveoli, surface tension to prevent collapsing

A

Type 2 alveolar cell

32
Q

ingest and remove debris

A

Macrophages

33
Q

Medial side of lungs

A

Hilum

34
Q

What structures are found at the hilum of the lung?

A

Bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves

35
Q

Amount of air that flows in and out of the respiratory tract with each breath

A

Airflow

36
Q

How does airflow increase?

A

Increase airflow and resistance

37
Q

How does airflow decrease?

A

decrease airflow and resistance

38
Q

Difference between atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure

A

Pressure gradient

39
Q

All of the factors that make it more difficult to move air from the atmosphere through the respiratory passageway into the alveoli

A

Resistance

40
Q

Causes the muscle to contract and change range and depth of breathing

A

Ventral respiratory group

41
Q

Receives sensory input, AP sent to VRG

A

Dorsal respiratory group

42
Q

What are the 2 parts of the medullary respiratory center?

A

Ventral respiratory group, dorsal respiratory group

43
Q

Smooth transitions between inhalation and exhalation

A

Pontine respiratory center

44
Q

Increase size container = ____ pressure

A

decrease

45
Q

What happens during passive breathing (inhalation)?

A

Ventral respiratory group neurons depolarize, AP sent to skeletal muscle, diaphragm flattens, thoracic cavity increases

46
Q

What happens during passive breathing (exhalation)?

A

AP from ventral respiratory group stops, muscles relax, diaphragm puffs up, ribs pulled down, decrease thoracic cavity

47
Q

what happens during active breathing (inhalation)?

A

AP sent to dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group, changes rate/depth of breathing causing an increase in thoracic cavity, decrease intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure

48
Q

What happens during active breathing (exhalation)?

A

AP to accessory muscles and ventral respiratory group stop muscles to relax

49
Q

Sensory receptors that detect chemical concentration of hydrogen ions and respiratory gases

A

Chemoreceptors

50
Q

Within medulla oblongata, monitor pH of CSF

A

Central chemoreceptors

51
Q

Found in carotid body and aortic body; monitor blood, pH, and CO2 levels

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

52
Q

What signals us to breathe faster and deeper

A

Too much H+ and CO2

53
Q

What signals us to breath slower

A

Too little H+ and CO2

54
Q

High levels of ___ tell peripheral chemoreceptors to breath faster

A

CO2

55
Q

Pressure exerted by each gas within a mixture of gases and measured in mmHg

A

Partial pressure

56
Q

Gas moves from high to low partial pressure

A

Partial pressure gradient

57
Q

Where does O2 move from to where?

A

From alveoli to pulmonary capillaries

58
Q

Where does CO2 move from where to where?

A

Pulmonary capillaries to alveoli

59
Q

Amount of gas in alveoli

A

Ventilation

60
Q

Blow flow reaching alveoli

A

Perfusion

61
Q

What is ventilation and perfusion controlled by?

A

Bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

62
Q

Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

A

Oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve

63
Q

What determines the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve?

A

Partial pressure of oxygen (more=higher saturation)

64
Q

What influence the saturation curve?

A

High elevation, sea level, temperature

65
Q

How does high elevation influence the saturation curve?

A

Decrease PO2=decrease hemoglobin saturation

66
Q

What happens to the saturation curve if you increase temperature?

A

Decrease hemoglobin saturation

BMS 251 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions