Chapter 24

Question 1

Explain the blood flow through the kidneys

Answer 1

Oxygenated blood from descending abdominal aorta, renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, paratubular capillaries, vasa recta capillaries, loop of henle, venule, renal veins, inferior vena cava

Question 2

Filters blood, convert filtrate to urine

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

Transport urine to bladder

Answer 3

Ureter

Question 4

Stores 1L of urine

Answer 4

Bladder

Question 5

Eliminates urine out of the body

Answer 5

urethra

Question 6

Increases the absorption of calcium from small intestine to increase blood calcium concentration

Answer 6

calcitriol

Question 7

What are the 6 functions of the kidney?

Answer 7

Forms calcitriol, regulation of ion levels and acid base balance, produce erythropoietin, regulate bp, gluconeogenesis, waste elimination

Question 8

How do the kidneys regulate ion levels and acid base balance?

Answer 8

alter blood levels of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

Question 9

What stimulates the production of erythropoietin?

Answer 9

Low blood oxygen levels

Question 10

Stimulates bone to create bone marrow

Answer 10

erythropoietin

Question 11

How do the kidneys control blood pressure?

Answer 11

Excrete fluid into urine, release renin for production of angiotensinogen II to increase blood pressure

Question 12

Required for production of angiotensinogen II that increases blood pressure

Answer 12

Renin

Question 13

How does the kidney engage in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 13

Produce glucose from noncarbohydrate resources maintain normal blood glucose levels

Question 14

Contributes to maintain pH and production of urine

Answer 14

Nephron

Question 15

___% are cortical nephrons

Answer 15

85

Question 16

____% are juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 16

15

Question 17

Nephron that helps with the regulation of salts

Answer 17

Juxtamedullary

Question 18

Filters blood after blood is brought in by afferent arteriole

Answer 18

Glomerulus

Question 19

Surrounds the glomerulus, creates capsular space

Answer 19

Bowman’s capsule

Question 20

Reabsorbs water, ions, fats, proteins, sodium, glucose into peritubular capillaries

Answer 20

Proximal convoluted tube

Question 21

Water reabsorption to vasa recta capillaries

Answer 21

Descending loop of Henle

Question 22

Na and Cl reabsorption

Answer 22

Ascending loop of Henle

Question 23

Cells that bind to antidiuretic and aldosterone hormone, helps with absorption and secretion

Answer 23

Principle cells

Question 24

Cells that regulate blood and urine pH; some reabsorption into peritubular capillaries; secretion from peritubular capillaries

Answer 24

Intercalated cells

Question 25

Brings fluid to renal papilla; contains principle and intercalated cells that help with some absorption and secretion

Answer 25

Collecting duct

Question 26

Specialized region of the nephron that regulates blood pressure

Answer 26

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 27

Where are granular cells located?

Answer 27

Afferent arteriole

Question 28

What are granular cells stimulated by?

Answer 28

stretch or sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

What happens to granular cells when the blood pressure decreases?

Answer 29

granular cells contract

Question 30

What is the function of granular cells?

Answer 30

Produce/secrete renin

Question 31

Epithelial cells in thew all of the distal convoluted tube, detects NaCl and K levels; signals granular cells to release renin if there is a change

Answer 31

Macula densa

Question 32

What is freely filtered through the filtration slits of podocytes?

Answer 32

water, glucose, ions, amino acids, some hormones

Question 33

What is not freely filtered through the filtration slits of podocytes?

Answer 33

Formed elements, large proteins

Question 34

Converts angiotensinogen to angiostensinogen II

Answer 34

Renin

Question 35

Maintains NaCl levels and eliminates potassium

Answer 35

Angiotensinogen II