Chapter 24 Flashcards
Explain the blood flow through the kidneys
Oxygenated blood from descending abdominal aorta, renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, paratubular capillaries, vasa recta capillaries, loop of henle, venule, renal veins, inferior vena cava
Filters blood, convert filtrate to urine
Kidneys
Transport urine to bladder
Ureter
Stores 1L of urine
Bladder
Eliminates urine out of the body
urethra
Increases the absorption of calcium from small intestine to increase blood calcium concentration
calcitriol
What are the 6 functions of the kidney?
Forms calcitriol, regulation of ion levels and acid base balance, produce erythropoietin, regulate bp, gluconeogenesis, waste elimination
How do the kidneys regulate ion levels and acid base balance?
alter blood levels of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
What stimulates the production of erythropoietin?
Low blood oxygen levels
Stimulates bone to create bone marrow
erythropoietin
How do the kidneys control blood pressure?
Excrete fluid into urine, release renin for production of angiotensinogen II to increase blood pressure
Required for production of angiotensinogen II that increases blood pressure
Renin
How does the kidney engage in gluconeogenesis?
Produce glucose from noncarbohydrate resources maintain normal blood glucose levels
Contributes to maintain pH and production of urine
Nephron
___% are cortical nephrons
85
____% are juxtamedullary nephrons
15
Nephron that helps with the regulation of salts
Juxtamedullary
Filters blood after blood is brought in by afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Surrounds the glomerulus, creates capsular space
Bowman’s capsule
Reabsorbs water, ions, fats, proteins, sodium, glucose into peritubular capillaries
Proximal convoluted tube
Water reabsorption to vasa recta capillaries
Descending loop of Henle
Na and Cl reabsorption
Ascending loop of Henle
Cells that bind to antidiuretic and aldosterone hormone, helps with absorption and secretion
Principle cells
Cells that regulate blood and urine pH; some reabsorption into peritubular capillaries; secretion from peritubular capillaries
Intercalated cells
Brings fluid to renal papilla; contains principle and intercalated cells that help with some absorption and secretion
Collecting duct
Specialized region of the nephron that regulates blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Where are granular cells located?
Afferent arteriole
What are granular cells stimulated by?
stretch or sympathetic nervous system
What happens to granular cells when the blood pressure decreases?
granular cells contract
What is the function of granular cells?
Produce/secrete renin
Epithelial cells in thew all of the distal convoluted tube, detects NaCl and K levels; signals granular cells to release renin if there is a change
Macula densa
What is freely filtered through the filtration slits of podocytes?
water, glucose, ions, amino acids, some hormones
What is not freely filtered through the filtration slits of podocytes?
Formed elements, large proteins
Converts angiotensinogen to angiostensinogen II
Renin
Maintains NaCl levels and eliminates potassium
Angiotensinogen II
