Chapter 21 Flashcards
Fluid that surrounds tissue cells; comes from capillaries and hydrostatic pressure that moves into tissues
Interstitial/extracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid in lymph capillaries
lymph
What makes up lymph?
Water, dissolved solutes, hormones, small amount of proteins
Returns fluid back to blood circulation; smallest lymph vessels that are close-ended
lymph capillaries
Where are lymph capillaries located?
in and around blood capillaries
What do overlapping endothelial cells do for lymphatic capillaries?
lets fluid in not out
specialized lymph capillaries located in GI tract; responsible for absorption of lipid soluble substances
Lacteals
Steps for movement of lymph into lymphatic capillaries
Increase in hydrostatic pressure, pushes interstitial fluid in lymph capillaries, traps lymph so it won’t escape
Larger structures that transport lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Where are lymphatic vessels located?
Superficial veins, deep arteries and veins
Do lymphatic vessels have low or high pressure?
low
What moves lymph through lymphatic vessels?
valves, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, pulsatile movement of blood
Remove lymph from a specific region
Lymphatic trunk
Drain lymph from head and neck
Jugular trunk
Remove lymph from upper limbs, breast, superficial thoracic wall
Subclavian trunk
Remove lymph from deep thoracic structures
Bronchomediastinal trunk
Drain lymph from most abdominal structures
Intestinal trunk
Remove lymph from lower limbs, pelvic organs, abdominopelvic wall
Lumbar trunk
Located near the right clavicle; collect lymph from right side of body above diaphragm and dump it into the right subclavian vein
Right lymphatic duct
Larger extends from diaphragm to near the left clavicle; dumps lymph into left subclavian vein
Left lymphatic duct
Sac at the base of the thoracic duct; receive lymph from small intestine and lumbar trunks
Cisterna chyli
Involves in formation and maturation of lymphocytes
Primary lymphatic structures
What are some examples of primary lymphatic structures?
Red bone marrow, thymus
Serve house to lymphocytes and immune cells, site where immune response is initiated
Secondary lymphatic structures
What are some examples of secondary lymphatic structures?
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, MALT, lymphatic nodules
Production and maturation of lymphocytes in bone marrow
Lymphopoiesis
Produce antibodies; indirectly attacks pathogen
B-lymphocytes
Coordinate immune response, directly attacks pathogen
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes maturation, formation of all formed elements
Red bone marrow
Where is red bone marrow located?
Within spongy bone
T-lymphocytes maturation and formation
Thymus
Where is the thymus located?
superior mediastinum (adults), anterior and superior mediastinum (kids)
Small round encapsulated structures that filter lymph and remove unwanted material
Lymph nodes
Where are lymph nodes located?
Intersections of lymph vessels
Lymph from head and neck
Cervical lymph nodes
Lymph from upper limbs, axillary, breast
Axillary lymph nodes
Lymph from lower limbs and pelvis
Inguinal lymph nodes
Where is the spleen located?
Left upper quadrant of abdomen, underneath the diaphragm
What is the function of the spleen?
Phagocytosis of bacteria, filter blood, blood reservoir
What type of formed element in blood does the spleen house?
Platelets
Non-encapsulated lymphatic tissue that trap and eliminate foreign material from entering digestive or respiratory system
Tonsils
Posterior wall of nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Posterolateral region of oral cavity
Palatine tonsils
posterior 1/3 of tongue
Lingual tonsils
Clusters of lymphatic tissue to defend against foreign materials
MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)
Where is MALT located?
lining of GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract
Collection of lymphatic tissues in small intestine
Peyer patches
