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BMS 251 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

Are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

None

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3
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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4
Q

What type of infectious agent can be killed by antibiotics?

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

What diseases are associated with bacteria?

A

Strep throat, tuberculosis, syphilis, diptheria, tetanus, lyme disease, salmonella, anthrax

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6
Q

What disease are associated with viruses?

A

Common cold, flu, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, rubella, HIV, herpes, ebola

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7
Q

What diseases are associated with fungi?

A

athlete’s foot, diaper rash, yeast infection

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8
Q

Parasites that must enter the cell to replicate, cannot be killed with antibiotics

A

Viruses

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9
Q

Produce spores and release prokaryotic enzymes

A

Fungi

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10
Q

Single celled infections agents that multiply fast in tissue

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Engulf foregins substances, first to arrive at inflammatory response and most abundant

A

Neutrophil

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12
Q

Destroy parasites, associated with allergy and asthma response

A

Eonsinophil

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13
Q

Increase fluid movement, release histamine that increases vasodilation and capillary permeability

A

Basophil

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14
Q

Lymphatic structures that engulf foreign substances

A

Lymphocytes (B and T-cells)

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15
Q

Engulf foreign materials and stays/arrives later in immunity responses; live in tissues

A

Macrophages

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16
Q

Blood lymphatic structure that release chemicals to destroy unhealthy cells

A

Natural killer cells

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17
Q

Connective tissue and viscera structure; secretes histamine

A

Mast cells

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18
Q

Skin and mucous membranes; engulf foreign substances

A

Dendritic cells

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19
Q

Small soluble proteins that communicate between cells, control development and behavior of effector cells and regulate inflammatory response

A

Cytokines

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20
Q

Defense mechanisms of immunity we are born with

A

Innate immunity

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21
Q

Specific B and T- lymphocytes which respond to foreign substances to which we a exposed to during our lifetime

A

Adaptive immunity

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22
Q

Contrains sebaceous oil gland secretions that lower the pH preventing the growth of bacteria; sweat gland secretions that wash away other microbes

A

Intact skin

23
Q

Contains lysozyme that destroy the bacterial cell wall, flow of mucus washes bacteria/virus off mucus membrane

A

Mucus and cilia

24
Q

Engulf cells, chemical secretions to promote inflammation or destroy pathogens and parasites

A

Cellular defenses

25
Q

Proteins that attack foreign microorganisms

A

Antimicrobial proteins

26
Q

What is an example of antimicrobial microorganisms?

A

Interferons

27
Q

Binds to neighboring cell which stimulates macrophages and natural killer cells to destroy the cell

A

Interferons

28
Q

What happens in the first step of inflammation?

A

Release of chemicals, basophils mast cell of damage tissue

29
Q

What happens in the second step of inflammation?

A

Basophil and mast cells release histamine to initiate an inflammatory response

30
Q

What does histamine do during inflammation?

A

Vasodilation and increase permeability of WBC

31
Q

What happens in the third step of inflammation?

A

Recruitment of leukocytes, more from blood into tissue

32
Q

What leukocyte first arrives during an inflammatory response?

A

Neutrophils

33
Q

What are the effects of inflammation?

A

increased fluid, protein, immune cells in tissue, hydrostatic pressure in interstitial space, movement into lymphatic capillaries; prevents infection

34
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signals of inflammation?

A

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

35
Q

Caused by increased blood flow and more hemoglobin

A

Redness

36
Q

Caused by increased blood flow and metabolic activity

A

Heat

37
Q

Caused by increased fluid loss from capillaries

A

Swelling

38
Q

Caused by stimulation of pain receptors

A

Pain

39
Q

What does fever affect?

A

promote Interferon activity, inhibit bacteria and virus reproduction, increase activity of adaptive immunity, accelerate tissue repair

40
Q

Chemicals that are released to increase body temperature in response to toxins and trauma

A

Pyrogen

41
Q

Immunoglobin that binds to a specific antigen, released by plasma cells

A

Antibody

42
Q

Reacts with antibodies or immune cells of the affected object

A

Antigen

43
Q

Antigens encountered by macrophage will bring it to helper T-cell

A

Antigen recognition

44
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of T-cells?

A

Helper, Cytotoxic, memory

45
Q

Identifies antigen as foreign, involved in most aspects of immunity; have receptors to recognize antigens, will release cytokines

A

Helper T-cell

46
Q

What is the effect of cytokines?

A

Stimulate cytotoxic T-cells, B-cell division

47
Q

Chemicals released that are toxic to cells

A

Cytotoxic T-cell

48
Q

Formed after 1st exposure of antigen, causing a faster response

A

Memory B and T-cells

49
Q

Have antibodies located on the surface of the cell that bind to the antigen. Will replicate really fast when foreign antigen gets attached

A

B-cells

50
Q

Cells that give us more antibodies by dividing rapidly

A

Plasma Cells

51
Q

Various protein chains that tag/destroy foreign particles; signals immune cells to attack

A

Antibodies

52
Q

Antibodies that attach to B-cells

A

Antibodies as receptors

53
Q

Antibodies that bind to foreign antigen, signals immune cells to attack

A

Free antibodies

BMS 251 (12 decks)

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