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Biology 201 and 202 Vocab > Chapter 23: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Asbestosis

A

Pneumoconiosis, disease of the lungs, caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles over time.

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2
Q

Asphyxia

A

Impaired oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange that results in suffocation.

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3
Q

Aspirate

A

Drawing fluid from the body by suction; foreign material accidentally sucked into the lungs.

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4
Q

Bronchography

A

A procedure in which radiopaque materials are introduced into the airways to improve x-ray imaging of the bronchial tree.

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5
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A

The application of cycle of compression to the rib cage to restore cardiovascular and respiratory function.

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6
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

A

Hyperpnea (deep, fast breathing) alternating with apnea (absence of breathing).

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7
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

A general term describing temporary or permanent lung disease of the bronchial tree.

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8
Q

Dyspnea

A

The condition of labored breathing.

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9
Q

Endotracheal Tube

A

Tube that is passed through the mouth or nose to the trachea.

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10
Q

Heimlich Maneuver or Abd Thrust

A

Sudden compression applied to the abdomen just inferior to the diaphragm, to force air out of the lungs to clear a blocked trachea or larynx.

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11
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood or bloody mucus.

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12
Q

Hemothorax

A

The condition of having blood in the pleural cavity.

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13
Q

Hyperbaric Oxygenation

A

Therapy to force more oxygen into the blood by use of a pressure chamber.

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14
Q

Nasal Polyps

A

Benign growths on the mucous lining of the nasal cavity.

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15
Q

Orthopnea

A

Condition in which one has breathing difficulty except when in an upright position.

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16
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

Branch of medicine dealing with disease and treatment of the ear, nose, and throat.

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17
Q

Rales

A

Abnormal hissing or other respiratory sounds.

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18
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal cavity.

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19
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Plastic surgery of the nose.

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20
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

A

A harsh viral respiratory illness caused by coronavirus that typically progresses to pneumonia.

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21
Q

Sputum

A

A mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up form the respiratory tract, often as the result of an infection.

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22
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh, vibrating breathing sound caused by an obstruction in the windpipe or larynx.

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23
Q

Stuttering

A

To speak with a continued involuntary repetition of sounds.

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24
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid rate of breathing.

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25
Q

Tussis

A

A cough

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26
Q

Wheeze

A

An audible whistling sound when breathing.

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27
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

An air-filled chamber at the terminal end of the alveolar duct that gives rise to the alveoli in the lung.

28
Q

Anoxia

A

Inadequate oxygen reaching body tissues.

29
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing.

30
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage

A

A pair of small cartilages in the larynx.

31
Q

Bronchial Tree

A

The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

32
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide molecules.

33
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction H2O+CO2 =>H2CO3; important in carbon dioxide transport, gastric acid secretion, and renal pH regulation.

34
Q

Chloride Shift

A

The movement of plasma chloride ions into red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions generated by the intracellular dissociation of carbonic acid.

35
Q

Compliance

A

Expandability; the ability of certain organs to tolerate changes in volume; indicates the presence of elastic fibers and smooth muscles.

36
Q

Corniculate Cartilage

A

A pair of small laryngeal cartilages.

37
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

A ring-shaped cartilage that forms the inferior margin of the larynx.

38
Q

Cuneiform Cartilage

A

A pair of small cartilages in the larynx.

39
Q

Epiglottis

A

A blade-shaped flap of tissue, reinforced by cartilage that is attached to the posterior and superior surface of the thyroid cartilage ; folds over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing.

40
Q

External Respiration

A

The diffusion of gases between the alveolar air and the alveolar capillaries and between the systematic capillaries and peripheral tissues.

41
Q

Glottis

A

Structure within the larynx that consists of the vocal folds and the rima glottis.

42
Q

Hard Palate

A

The body roof of the oral cavity; formed by the maxillae and palatine bones.

43
Q

Hilum

A

A localized region where blood vessels lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or other anatomical structures are attached to an organ.

44
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High blood carbon dioxide concentration, commonly as a result of hypoventilation or inadequate tissue perfusion.

45
Q

Hyperventilation

A

A rate of respiration sufficient to decrease blood Pco2, to levels below normal.

46
Q

Hypocapnia

A

An abnormally low blood Pco2; commonly results from hyperventilation.

47
Q

Hypoventilation

A

A respiratory rate that is insufficient to keep blood Pco2 within normal levels.

48
Q

Hypoxia

A

A low tissue oxygen concentration.

49
Q

Internal Respiration

A

The diffusion of gases between interstitial fluid and cytoplasm.

50
Q

Lamina Propria

A

The areolar tissue that underlies a mucous epithelium and forms part of a mucous membrane.

51
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

The division of the pharynx that is inferior to the epiglottis and superior to the esophagus.

52
Q

Larynx

A

A complex cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and vocal cords; the superior margin is bound to the hyoid bone; and the inferior margin is bound to the trachea.

53
Q

Lungs

A

The paired organs of breathing enclosed by the pleural cavities.

54
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

A chamber in the skull that is bounded by the internal and external nares.

55
Q

Nasopharynx

A

A region that is posterior to the internal nares and superior to the soft palate and ends at the oropharynx.

56
Q

Oropharynx

A

The middle portion of the pharynx, bounded superiorly by the nasopharynx, anteriorly by the oral cavity, and inferiorly by the laryngopharynx.

57
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat, a muscular passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory tracts.

58
Q

Pleura

A

The serous membrane that lines the pleural (lung) cavities.

59
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

Body cavities of the thoracic region that surround the lungs.

60
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of gases between cells and the environment; includes pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration.

61
Q

Respiratory Rhythmicity Centers

A

The center in the medulla oblongata that sets the background pace of respiration; includes inspiratory and expiratory centers.

62
Q

Soft Palate

A

The fleshy posterior extension of the hard palate, separating the nasopharynx from the oral cavity.

63
Q

Submucosa

A

The region between the muscularis mucosae and the muscularis externa.

64
Q

Tidal Volume (Vt)

A

The volume of air moved into and out of the lungs during a normal quiet respiratory cycle.

65
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe; an airway extending from the larynx to the primary bronchi.

Biology 201 and 202 Vocab (29 decks)

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