Chapter 22: Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
Adenitis
Inflammation of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil).
Allograft
Transplant between compatible recipient and donor of the same species.
Autograft
A transplant of tissue that is taken from the same person.
Burkitt Lymphoma
A malignant cancer of B lymphocytes.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
A complicated disorder most often characterized by extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest, and which may worsen with physical activity.
Congenital Thymic Aplasia
Congenital (present at birth) absence of the thymus and parathyroid glands and a deficiency of immunity.
Coombs Test
A medical test to detect antibodies or complement in the blood.
Dermatomyositis
An autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and muscles.
Eczema
A genetic inflammatory skin disorder, often with crusts, papules, and leaky eruptions.
Hodgkin Lymphoma
A malignant lymphoma affecting lymph nodes and lymph organs.
Host Versus Graft Disease
A pathological condition in which cells from the transplanted tissue of a donor initiate an immune response, attacking the cells and tissue of the recipient.
Hybridoma
A tissue culture composed of cancer cells fused to lymphocytes to mass produce a specific antibody.
Immunology
Branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.
Infectious Mononucleosis
An acute disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, producing fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, sore throat, and increased lymphocytes in the bloodstream.
Latex Allergy
Hypersensitivity to products made of the sap of the rubber plant.
Polymyositis
An autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and atrophy of muscles.
Sentinel Node
The first lymph node to receive drainage from a tumor. It is used to determine if there is lymphatic metastasis in some types of cancer.
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
An autoimmune disease in which a person’s immune system attacks and injures its own organs and tissues in virtually every system of the body.
Xenograft
A transplant that is made between two different species.
Abscess
A localized collection of pus within a damaged tissue.
Adhesion
The fusion of two mesenterial layers after damage or irritation of their opposing surfaces; this process restrict relative movement of the organs involved; the binding of a phagocyte to its target.
Agglutination
The aggregation of red blood cells due to interactions between surface antigens and plasma antibodies.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); characterized by the destruction of helper T cells and a resulting severe impairment of the immune response.
Anaphylaxis
A hypersensitivity reaction due to the binding of antigens to immunoglobulins (IgE) on the surfaces of mast cells; the release of histamine serotonin, and prostaglandins by mast cells then causes widespread inflammation; a sudden decrease in blood pressure may occur, producing anaphylactic shock.
Antibody
A globular protein produced by plasma cells that will bind to specific antigens and promote their destruction or removal form the body.
Antigen-Antibody Complex
The combination of an antigen and a specific antibody.
Antigenic Determinant Sites
A region of an antigen that can interact with an antibody molecule.
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
A cell that processes antigens and displays them, bound to class II MHC proteins; essential to the initiation of a normal immune response.
Antigen
A substance capable of inducing an immune response that may include the production of antibodies.
Antihistamine
A chemical that blocks the action of histamine on peripheral tissues.
Autoantibodies
Antibodies that react with antigens on the surfaces of a person’s own cells and tissues.
B Cells
Lymphocytes capable of differentiating into plasms cells, which produce antibodies.
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Resistance to disease by sensitized T cells that destroy antigen-bearing cells by direct contact or through the release of lymphotoxins; also called cellular immunity.
Chemotaxis
The attraction of phagocytic cells to the source of abnormal chemicals in tissue fluids.
Complement System
A group of distinct plasma proteins that interact in a chain reaction after exposure to activated antibodies or the surfaces of certain pathogens; complement proteins promote cell lysis, phagocytosis, and other defense mechanisms.
Germinal Center
Pale regions in the interior of lymphoid tissues or lymphoid nodules, where cell divisions occur that produce additional lymphocytes.
Helper T Cells
Lymphocytes whose secretions and other activities coordinate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunities; also called Th cells.
Hilum
A localized region where blood vessels lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or other anatomical structures are attached to an organ.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
The infectious agent that causes acquired immunodeficiency of the mammary glands.
Immunity
Resistance to infection and disease caused by foreign substances, toxins, or pathogens.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
A circulating antibody.
Inflammation
A nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level; characterized by swelling, redness, heat (warmth), pain, and sometimes loss of function.
Interferons (IFNs)
Peptides released by virus-infected cells, especially lymphocytes, that slow viral replication and make other cells more resistant to viral infection.
Lobules
Histologically, the basic organization unit of the liver.
Lymph Nodes
Lymphoid organs that monitor the composition of lymph.
Lymph
The fluid contents of lymphatic vessels, similar in composition to interstitial fluid.
Lymphedema
Swelling as a result of lymphatic vessel obstruction.
Lymphocyte
A cell of the lymphatic system that plays a role in the immune response.
Lymphotoxin
A secretion of lymphocytes that kills the target cells.
Macrophages
A phagocytic cell of the monocyte-macrophage system.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Protein
A surface antigen that is important to the recognition of foreign antigens and that plays a role in the coordination and activation of the immune response; also called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein or human leukocyte antigen (HLA).
Medulla
The inner layer or core of an organ.
Memory T Cells
T lymphocytes that provide immunologic memory, enabling an enhanced immune response when reexposed to a specific antigen.
Memory
The ability to recall information or sensations; can be divided into short-term and long-term memories.
Microphages
Neutrophils and eosinophils.
Necrosis
The death of cells or tissues from disease or injury.
Opsonization
An effect of coating an object with antibodies; the attraction and enhancement of phagocytosis.
Pathogen
A disease-causing organism.
Phagocytes
A cell that performs phagocytosis.
Plasma Cells
An activated B cell that secretes antibodies.
Regulatory T Cells
Population of T lymphocytes that suppress the immune response.
Spleen
A lymphoid organ important for the phagocytosis of red blood cells, the immune response, and lymphocyte production.
T Cells
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity and for the coordination and regulation of the immune response; includes cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells.
Thymus
A lymphoid organ, the site of T cell development and maturation.
Tonsils
A lymphoid nodule in the wall of the pharynx; the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils.
Trabeculae
A connective tissue partition that subdivides an organ.
