Chapter 22 Wildland and Wildland Urban Interface Flashcards

Question

What are the 4 bench marks used to communicate progress to crews

Answer 1

1. Out-of-Control 2. Being Held 3. Under Control 4. Extinguished

Answer 2

➢ Direct Attack ➢ Indirect Attack ➢ Mop-Up

Answer 3

○ Visible Smoke (typically more blueish than steam) ○ The smell of fresh smoke ○ Heat Indications on TIC (**may not show heat if embers are underneath the duff layer) ○ White ash ○ Crackling or popping sounds ○ Drone thermal imaging

Answer 4

0.1%: Deep-seated fires in furniture, smouldering ground fires, or heavy duff layers where penetration is required (if foam is too concentrated it will not penetrate) 0.1 – 0.5%: Wildland/grass fires 0.5%: Structural firefighting with attached fog nozzles, wildland surface fires 1.0%: Protecting structural exposures (walls, and roofs), forming barriers during wildland firefighting operations

Answer 5

1. Pre-Impingment 2. Impingment 3. Post-Impingment

Answer 6

1. Threatened Non-Defensible 2. Threatened Defensible 3. Not Threatened

Answer 7

1. Connect to hydrant with 65mm gate or with gated wye 2. Mount sprinklers on the tops of structures 3. Tie sprinklers together with supply lines 4. Test system to ensure proper coverage 5. Ensure water run off will not cause flooding damage

Answer 8

Dead-End System Centre Pump System Counter Pump

Answer 9

Rapid Evaluation for Occupants- Crews quickly assess a property to confirm it’s clear of people. This is used for structures deemed Threatened Non-Defensible or in extreme risk. Benefit: Covers extensive ground with minimal resources.

Answer 10

Short-Term Site Prep, Then Withdraw- Used when the structure is Threatened Defensible, but it’s not safe to stay during full impingement. ➢ Actions: ○ Remove combustibles. ○ Close up openings. ○ Possibly set sprinklers. ➢ Departure: Crew leaves prior to the fire front’s arrival, possibly returning post-front for Fire Front Following. Value: Increases the house’s survival odds without committing resources to a high-risk scenario.

Answer 11

Remaining on Site to Protect- Ideal for structures with decent clearance, and a viable safety zone. ➢ Extended Prep: More thorough removal of fuels around the house. ➢ Active Defense: Crews control ember showers, spot fires, or creeping flames. ➢ Water Management: Carefully monitor tank levels to sustain operations, DO NOT tie into a hydrant as it reduces your ability to leave if the fire behavior increases

Answer 12

Spot Fire Containment During Ember Showers- Crews patrol an area, knocking down small spot fires before they spread. ➢ Purpose: Prevent multiple ignitions from merging into a large conflagration. ➢ Speed & Mobility: Crews keep moving, watch water consumption, and top off tanks whenever possible. ➢ Coordination: This tactic is often widespread in subdivisions where ember showers can spark fires across many properties.

Answer 13

Engaging Partially Involved Structures Post-Front Crews move in behind the main flame front to save buildings that are only lightly to moderately ignited. ➢ Timing: Once flame intensity has dropped to a manageable level. ➢ Quick Knockdowns: Extinguish or cool small fires before they spread. ➢ Search & Safety: Primary or secondary searches for occupants who stayed behind. ➢ Pace: Crews remain mobile, systematically clearing one house at a time.

Answer 14

Even though Fire Front Following occurs just after the primary flame front has passed, it still involves active firefighting. Crews tackle partially involved structures and newly ignited spot fires while the surrounding environment can remain hazardous. In contrast, Mop Up signifies a more thorough, methodical search for remaining embers and hotspots after significant fire behavior has subsided.

Answer 15

Minimizing Structure-to-Structure Spread - When a neighborhood experiences multiple ignitions in close proximity, Anchor & Hold is an effective approach. Crews establish a reliable water supply and form a “line” to prevent the fire from advancing house to house. ➢ Primary Use: Densely built urban areas or subdivisions. ➢ Water Supply: Must be adequate (hydrant, large tender relay, or reservoir). ➢ Defensive Tactic: Large-diameter hose lines, elevated water streams, and thorough perimeter checks.

Answer 16

Employed during all phases—pre-impingement, impingement, and post-impingement Tactical Patrol ensures coverage for spot fires, ember ignitions, or minor flare-ups.