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Fundamentals of work and organizational psychology > Chapter 2.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

Descriptive statistics are statistics that summarize, organize and describe a sample of data

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2
Q

What are the three measures that can be used to describe any score distributions? They are measures of…

A
  1. central tendency
  2. variability
  3. skew
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3
Q

What does a measure of central tendency show?

A

It is a measure that shows the median or the median of the graph.

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4
Q

What is the mean?

A

The mean is the average score obtained by summing all of the scores in a distribution and dividing by the sample size.

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5
Q

What is the mode?

A

The mode is the most occurring score.

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6
Q

What is the median?

A

The median is the middle score of all scores when put in order.

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7
Q

What are measures of variability?

A

Variability is a measure that shows the extent to which the scores in a distribution vary from each other.

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8
Q

What are measures of skew?

A

Skew is a tool to show how easy or difficult something was. A negative skew means the test was very easy, and a positive skew when it was very difficult.

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9
Q

What is the standard deviation?

A

The standard deviation is the deviation from the mean.

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10
Q

What are interferential statistics?

A

Interferential statistics are statistics that are used to aid the researcher in testing hypotheses and making inferences from sample data to a larger sample or population. They can also support a conclusion. It turns a suggestion into a conclusion.

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11
Q

What is an inferential test?

A

An inferential test is the test that is investigated to form the conclusion.

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12
Q

What is statistical significance?

A

A statistical significance is when the significance level is lower than 0.05. This means that the outcome of the test can’t be because of chance or error and therefore it is correct.

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13
Q

What is a null-hypothesis?

A

A null-hypothesis indicates that there is no difference between tests. There can be slight differences but no big ones.

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14
Q

What is statistical power?

A

Statistical power is the likelihood of finding a statistical significant difference when a true difference exists. The power to detect true or real difference is lower when the sample size is smaller. So for statistical significance it is important to have a big group.

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15
Q

What is a measurement?

A

Measurement is assigning numbers to characteristics of individuals according to rules.

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16
Q

What is the correlation coefficient?

A

The correlation coefficient is the correlation between a factor and a test. For example IQ and the testing grade. If the IQ gets bigger and the grade as well then there’s a positive correlation coefficient.

17
Q

What is a scatterplot graph?

A

A scatterplot graph is a graph used to plot the scatter of scores on two variables. It is used to display correlational relationships between two variables. All scores are marked on the graph.

18
Q

What is a regression line?

A

A regression line is the line of best fit of all the scores. So the line in the middle of all the scores. A regression line is always linear. While a correlation can be nonlinear.

18
Q

What is a multiple correlation coefficient?

A

A multiple correlation coefficient is the statistic that represents the overall linear association between several variables on the one hand and a single variable on the other hand.

19
Q

What are two important criteria when evaluating measurement instruments?

A
  1. Reliability
  2. Validity
20
Q

What is reliability?

A

Reliability is the consistency or stability of a measure.

21
Q

What is validity?

A

Validity is determines if the instrument really measures what it is supposed to measure.

22
Q

What is big data?

A

Big data is a term that describes using large data sets to make organizational decisions based on such data.

23
Q

What is meta-analysis?

A

Meta analysis is a statistical method for combining results from many studies to draw a general conclusion.

24
Q

What are statistical artifacts?

A

Statistical artifacts are characteristics of a small study that distort the observed results. For example a small sample size or unreliable measures.

25
Q

What is micro-research?

A

Micro-research is the study of individual behavior.

26
Q

What is macro-research?

A

Macro research is the study of collective behavior.

27
Q

What is meso-research?

A

Meso-research is the study of the interaction of individuals and collective behavior.

Fundamentals of work and organizational psychology (19 decks)

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