Chapter 2.1

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

Science is the understanding, predicting and control of phenomenon’s of interest

Question 2

What are IO psychologists interested in?

Answer 2

in understanding and influencing behavior related to the workplace.

Question 3

What should science be?

Answer 3

It should be based on a hypothesis and data, and it should be communicable, open and public.

Question 4

What are characteristics of science?

Answer 4

It sets out to disprove theories and hypotheses. And disinterestedness, meaning scientist should be objective and uninfluenced by biases when conducting research.

Question 5

What is an expert witness?

Answer 5

An expert witness is a witness in a lawsuit who is permitted to voice opinions about organizational practices.

Question 6

What characteristics do good theories display? (6 answers)

Answer 6

1. offer novel insight
2. they are interesting.
3. they are focused
4. they are relevant to important topics
5. provide explanations
6. they are practical

Question 7

What does research design do?

Answer 7

Research design provides the overall structure or architecture for the research study

Question 8

what are the three types of research design?

Answer 8

1. experimental
2. quasi-experimental
3. nonexperimental

Question 9

What does experimental research mean?

Answer 9

experimental research means that participants of the research are randomly assigned to different conditions.

Question 9

what does nonexperimental research mean?

Answer 9

Nonexperimental research means that researchers simply gather information about something without introducing any new condition or treatment.

Question 9

what does quasi experimental research mean?

Answer 9

quasi experimental research is when participants are assigned to different conditions.

Question 10

What are the two types of nonexperimental research?

Answer 10

1. Observational design
2. survey design

Question 11

What is observational design?

Answer 11

Observational design is a type of nonexperimental research where the researcher watches an employee his behavior and makes a record of what is observed.

Question 12

What is survey design?

Answer 12

Survey design is a type of nonexperimental research where participants complete a questionnaire.

Question 13

what is the difference between an independent and an dependent variable.

Answer 13

A treatment is called an independent variable and behavior of the research participant is the dependent variable.

Question 14

What are the three different methods of data collecting?

Answer 14

1. quantitative methods
2. qualitative methods
3. introspection

Question 15

what is a quantitative method of data collection?

Answer 15

a quantitative method relies on tests, rating scales, questionnaires and physiological measures and results.

Question 16

What is qualitative method of data collection.

Answer 16

a qualitative method of data collection relies on observations, interviews, case studies and analysis of diaries or written documents and produce flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events or processes

Question 17

what is introspection data collection?

Answer 17

Introspection is an early scientific method in which the participant was also the experimenter, recording his experiences in completing an experimental task. This is very subjective compared to modern standards.

Question 18

What is triangulation

Answer 18

Triangulation is the search for converging information from different sources. Context is of great importance when researching. Many strange outcomes came because of lack of context.

Question 19

What is job analysis?

Answer 19

Job analysis is the process used by IO psychologists to gain understanding of a job.

Question 20

What are the two types of control.

Answer 20

1. Experimental control
2. Statistical control

Question 21

What is experimental control to hold variables constant.

Answer 21

Experimental control is used in laboratories to

Question 22

What is statistical control?

Answer 22

statistical control is that the researcher uses statistical techniques to control for the influence of certain variables.

Question 23

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 23

In a controlled experiment all variables other than the independent variable are controlled or held constant so they don’t influence the dependent variable. It allows researchers to concentrate exclusively on the primary interest.