Chapter 21 - The Interaugmentary System Flashcards
Derma
Skin
Cutaneous
Pertaining to the skin
Epidermis
Outermost portion of the skin consisting of 4-5 strata (layers) of epithelial cells.
Stratum basale
Deepest layer of the epidermis. Produces new cells
Keratin
Protein that thickens and toughens the skin
Stratum corneum
Outermost layer composed of flat, dead, protective cells that are constantly being shed and replaced.
Melanin
Produced by some cells in the epidermis. Pigment that gives skin color and protects against sunlight
Dermis
Layer beneath the epidermis. Contains connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and sensory receptors. Nourishes and supports the skin.
Subcutaneous layer
Beneath the dermis and is mainly composed of connective tissue and fat.
Sudoriferous gland
Sweat gland. Temperature regulation by releasing watery fluid that evaporates to cool the skin
Sebaceous gland
Releases oily fluid called sebum that lubricates the hair and skin and prevents drying.
Arrector pilli
Small muscle attached to the follicle that raises the hair to produce goose bumps.
Eponychium
Nail cuticle. Extension of the epidermis onto the nail.
Derm/o, dermat/o
Skin
Kerat/o
Keratin, horny layer of skin
Melan/o
Dark, black, melanin
Hidr/o
Sweat, perspiration
Seb/o
Sebum, sebaceous gland
Trich/o
Hair
Onych/o
Nail
Bulla
Raised, fluid filled lesion larger than a vesicle
Fissure
Crack or break in the skin
Macule
Flat, colored spot
Nodule
Solid, raised lesion larger than a papule; often indicative of a systemic disease
Papule
Small, circular, raised lesion at the surface of the skin
Plaque
Superficial, flat, or slightly raised differentiated patch more than 1cm in diameter
Pustule
Raised lesion containing pus, often in a hair follicle or sweat pore
Ulcer
Lesion resulting from destruction of the skin and perhaps subcutaneous tissue
Vesicle
Small, fluid filled, raised lesion. A blister of bleb
Wheal
Smooth, rounded, slightly raised area often associate with itching, seen in urticaria (hives) such as that resulting from allergies
Dehiscence
Disruption of the wound layers
Evisceration
Protrusion of internal organs through the lesion.
Exudate
Wound drainage.
Sanguinous
Bloody wound drainage
Purulent
Pus containing wound drainage
Cicatrization
Scar formation
Keloids
Excess collagen formation during healing.
Debridement
Removal of dead or damaged tissue from a wound.
Eschar
Thick dark crust or scab
Escahotomy
Scab removal
FTSG
Full thickness skin graft
STSG
Split thickness skin graft
Superficial burn
Involves the epidermis only. Red, dry and minimal pain. Sunburn. First degree burn
Superficial partial thickness burn
Epidermis and a portion of the dermis. Reddens and blisters and is painful. Severe sunburn or scalding
Deep partial thickness
Epidermis and dermis. May blister with weeping surface or dry because of sweat gland damage. Scalding, hot grease or flame. Second degree burn.
Full thickness burn
Full skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissue. Broken, dry and pale or charred. Skin grafting or loss of digit or limb. Third degree burn.
Pruritus
Itching
Atopic dermatitis
Eczema
Psoriasis
Chronic overgrowth (hyperplasia) of the epidermis
Pemphigus
Formation of bullae in the skin and mucous membranes. Caused by separation of the epidermal cells from the underlying layers. Autoimmune reaction to epithelial cells. Fatal unless treated by suppressing the immune system.
Lupus erythematosus (LE)
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the connective tissue.
Systemic lupus erytgematosus
More widespread form of LE that involves the skin and other organs. More prevalent in women.
Scleroderma
Disease of unknown cause. Thickening and tightening of the skin
Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer of the epithelial cells. Painless, firm, red nodules or plaque that may develop surface scales, ulceration, or crusting. Tends not to metastasize. Surgical removal or with X-radiation or chemotherapy.
Basal cell carcinoma
Cancer of the epithelial cells. More than 75% of skin cancers. Usually appears as pearly smooth papule. Easily seen and do not metastasize. Cure rate at 95% after excision.
Malignant melanoma
Overgrowth of melanocytes. Most dangerous as it tends to metastasize. Lesions of variable color with irregular border. Good prognosis if recognized and removed before it enters the invasive stage.
Kaposi sarcoma
Once considered rare. Seen frequently is association with AIDS. Brownish areas on the legs. Become raised and firm as the tumor progresses.
Alopecia
Absence or loss of hair
Comedo
Plug of sebum. Often containing bacteria in a hair follicle. A blackhead.
Dyskeratosis
Abnormality in keratin formation in epithelial cells
Eccymosis
Collection of blood under the skin
Ersipelas
Acute infectious skin disease with redness and swelling
Mycosis fungoides
Rare malignant disease that originates in the skin and involves the internal organs and lymph nodes. Large painful ulcerating tumors.
Urticaria
Skin reaction marked by temporary, smooth, raised areas associated with itching. Hives.
Verruca
Epidermal tumor. A wart
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Fatal hereditary disease that begins in childhood with skin discolorations and ulcers. Muscle atrophy. Increased sensitivity to sunlight. Increased susceptibility to cancer.
Skin turgor
Resistance to skin deformation. Evidenced by the skin to return to position when pinched.