Chapter 20 - The Muscular System Flashcards
Fascicles
Muscle bundle
Fascia
Sheath around the muscle of connective tissue
NMJ
Neuromuscular junction
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Neurotransmitter released at the synapse. Interacts with cell membranes to cause contraction.
Chemicals that cause contraction.
Actin and myosin
Tonus
State of firmness
Agonist
Muscle that produces movement
Prime mover
Main muscle if a group of muscles is used to cause movement.
Antagonist
Muscle that relaxes during movement.
Synergist
Muscle that assists a prime mover
Origin
The point where the muscle is attached to the stable part of the body
Insertion
Point where the muscle is attached to the moving part
Flexion
Closing the angle at a joint
Extension
Opening an angle at a joint
Abduction
Moving away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Moving towards the midline of the body
Rotation
Turning a part of the body on its own axis
Circumduction
Circular movement from a central point
Pronation
Turning downward
Supination
Turning upward
Eversion
Turning outward
Inversion
Turning inward
Dorsiflexion
Bending backward
Plantar flexion
Bending the sole of the foot
My/o
Muscle
Muscl/o
Muscle
In/o
Fiber
Fasci/o
Fascia
Ten/o, tendin/o
Tendon
Ton/o
Tone
Erg/o
Work
Kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o
Movement
Muscular dystrophy
Group of hereditary diseases involving progressive, noninflammatory, muscle degeneration.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Sex linked diseases passed from mother to son. Appears at 3-4 years of age. Patients are incapacitated by 10-15. Death is commonly caused by respiratory failure or infection.
Polymyositis
Inflammation of the skeletal muscle leading to weakness, frequently associate with dysphagia.
Dermaomyositis
When the skin is involved with skeletal muscle weakness. Redness of the skin, dermatitis, lilac colored rash.
Fibromyalgia
Difficult to diagnose. Associated with muscle aches, tenderness, stiffness along with fatigue and sleep disorders.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Persistent fatigue of no known cause. May be associated with impaired memory, sore throat, painful lymph nodes, muscle and joint pain, headaches, sleep problems, and immune disorders.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Acquired autoimmune disorder in which antibodies interfere with muscle stimulation at the neuromuscular junction.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Progressive degeneration of motor neurons that leads to muscle atrophy. Early signs are weakness, cramping, and muscle twitching. Usually leads to death from respiratory paralysis in 3-5 years.
Sprain
Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint without bone dislocation or fracture
Strain
Inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons
Tenosynovitis
Tendinitis. Inflammation of the tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at the joint.