Chapter 20 - The Muscular System

Question 1

Fascicles

Answer 1

Muscle bundle

Question 2

Fascia

Answer 2

Sheath around the muscle of connective tissue

Question 3

NMJ

Answer 3

Neuromuscular junction

Question 4

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter released at the synapse. Interacts with cell membranes to cause contraction.

Question 5

Chemicals that cause contraction.

Answer 5

Actin and myosin

Question 6

Tonus

Answer 6

State of firmness

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

Muscle that produces movement

Question 8

Prime mover

Answer 8

Main muscle if a group of muscles is used to cause movement.

Question 9

Antagonist

Answer 9

Muscle that relaxes during movement.

Question 10

Synergist

Answer 10

Muscle that assists a prime mover

Question 11

Origin

Answer 11

The point where the muscle is attached to the stable part of the body

Question 12

Insertion

Answer 12

Point where the muscle is attached to the moving part

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

Closing the angle at a joint

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

Opening an angle at a joint

Question 15

Abduction

Answer 15

Moving away from the midline of the body

Question 16

Adduction

Answer 16

Moving towards the midline of the body

Question 17

Rotation

Answer 17

Turning a part of the body on its own axis

Question 18

Circumduction

Answer 18

Circular movement from a central point

Question 19

Pronation

Answer 19

Turning downward

Question 20

Supination

Answer 20

Turning upward

Question 21

Eversion

Answer 21

Turning outward

Question 22

Inversion

Answer 22

Turning inward

Question 23

Dorsiflexion

Answer 23

Bending backward

Question 24

Plantar flexion

Answer 24

Bending the sole of the foot

Question 25

My/o

Answer 25

Muscle

Question 26

Muscl/o

Answer 26

Muscle

Question 27

In/o

Answer 27

Fiber

Question 28

Fasci/o

Answer 28

Fascia

Question 29

Ten/o, tendin/o

Answer 29

Tendon

Question 30

Ton/o

Answer 30

Tone

Question 31

Erg/o

Answer 31

Work

Question 32

Kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

Answer 32

Movement

Question 33

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 33

Group of hereditary diseases involving progressive, noninflammatory, muscle degeneration.

Question 34

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 34

Sex linked diseases passed from mother to son. Appears at 3-4 years of age. Patients are incapacitated by 10-15. Death is commonly caused by respiratory failure or infection.

Question 35

Polymyositis

Answer 35

Inflammation of the skeletal muscle leading to weakness, frequently associate with dysphagia.

Question 36

Dermaomyositis

Answer 36

When the skin is involved with skeletal muscle weakness. Redness of the skin, dermatitis, lilac colored rash.

Question 37

Fibromyalgia

Answer 37

Difficult to diagnose. Associated with muscle aches, tenderness, stiffness along with fatigue and sleep disorders.

Question 38

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Answer 38

Persistent fatigue of no known cause. May be associated with impaired memory, sore throat, painful lymph nodes, muscle and joint pain, headaches, sleep problems, and immune disorders.

Question 39

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

Answer 39

Acquired autoimmune disorder in which antibodies interfere with muscle stimulation at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 40

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 40

Progressive degeneration of motor neurons that leads to muscle atrophy. Early signs are weakness, cramping, and muscle twitching. Usually leads to death from respiratory paralysis in 3-5 years.

Question 41

Sprain

Answer 41

Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint without bone dislocation or fracture

Question 42

Strain

Answer 42

Inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons

Question 43

Tenosynovitis

Answer 43

Tendinitis. Inflammation of the tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at the joint.