Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHS Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Made from lipids. Created in the gonads and the outer region of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Promotes growth of all tissue. Also called somatotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones. Aids in protecting the body in stress situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles. Stimulates growth of testes. Promotes sperm cell development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Luteinizing hormones (LH)

A

Causes development of corpus luteum at site of ruptured ovarian follicle in female; stimulates testosterone secretion in males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Stimulates milk secretion in mammary glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Promotes water reabsorption is kidney tubules; causes blood vessels to constrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oxytocin

A

Causes uterine contractions; causes milk ejection from mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thyroxine; tetraiodothryonine (T4) triiodothyronine(T3)

A

Increases metabolic rate and heat production; influencing both physical and mental activities; required for normal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Regulates calcium exchange between blood and bones; increases blood calcium levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cortisol

A

Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Active during stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aldosterone

A

Aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sex hormones

A

May influence secondary sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insulin

A

Aids in glucose transport into cells; required for cellular metabolism of nutrients; especially glucose. Decreases blood glucose levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates liver to release glucose thereby increasing glucose levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Melatonin

A

Regulates mood, sexual development and daily cycles in response to environmental light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Testosterone

A

Stimulates growth and development of sexual organs plus development of secondary sexual characteristics. Stimulates maturation of sperm cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Estrogen

A

Stimulates growth of primary sexual organs and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum; aids in maintaining pregnancy; stimulates development of mammary glands secretory tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

Small gland beneath the brain. Divided into anterior (adenohyphosis) and posterior lobe (neurohyphosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain that regulates homeostasis. Controls both lobes of the pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Produces 6 hormones including growth hormone. Remainder regulate other glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Releases 2 hormones that are actually made in the hypothalamus. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.

25
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Consists of two lobes on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. Connected by narrow band called an isthmus. Secretes a mixture of hormones. (T4, T3)

26
Q

TBG

A

Thyroid binding globulin. Binds thyroid hormones in blood to proteins.

27
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

On posterior surface of the thyroid. Affects calcium metabolism.

28
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Located above the kidneys. Divided into two distinct regions. Outer cortex and inner medulla.

29
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Produces steroid hormones. Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

30
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Inner region. Produces epinephrine in response to stress.

31
Q

Pancreas

A

Produce two hormones. Insulin and glucagon in response to blood glucose levels.

32
Q

Pineal gland

A

Regulates mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development. Secretes melatonin.

33
Q

Thymus

A

Secretes thymosin that aids in development of immune systems T cells. Upper chest above the heart.

34
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Group of hormones produced by many cells. Many functions. Uterine contractions, blood pressure, vasomotor effects.

35
Q

Endocrin/o

A

Endocrine gland or system

36
Q

Pituitar/I

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

37
Q

Hypophysi/o

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

38
Q

Thry/o, thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

39
Q

Parathyr/o, parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

40
Q

Adren/o, adrenal/o

A

Adrenal gland, epinephrine

41
Q

Adrenocortic/o

A

Adrenal cortex

42
Q

Insul/o

A

Pancreatic islets

43
Q

Adenoma

A

Glandular tumor. Usually increases secretion if growth hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone.

44
Q

Excess growth hormone is called

A

Gigantism in children. Acromegaly in adults

45
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Excess ACTH

46
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Pituitary hypofunction. Causes dwarfism.

47
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lack of ADH. Kidneys have a decreased ability to conserve water.

48
Q

Diabetes insipidus symptoms

A

Polyuria, polydipsia. Not to be confused with diabetes mellitus.

49
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Deficiency of thyroid hormone in infancy. Causes physical and mental retardation. Also called infantile hypothyroidism.

50
Q

Adult hypothyroidism

A

Caused commonly by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid. Weight gain, lethargy, rough dry skin, hair loss and facial swelling.

51
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Hyperthyroidism. Antibodies stimulate increased production of thyroid hormone. Weight loss, irritability, hand tremor, tachycardia, exopthalamos.

52
Q

Addison disease

A

Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. Usually caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Water loss, low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance along with weakness, nausea and increase in brown pigmentation.

53
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Excess adrenal cortical hormones. Patients have moon shaped faces, obesity localized in the torso, weakness, excess hair growth (hirsutism).

54
Q

Cushing disease

A

Disorder caused by pituitary tumor that increases ACTH production.

55
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Failure of the body cells to use glucose effectively. Causes hyperglycemia. Excess urination, polydipsia, polyphagia, weakness, and weight loss.

56
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excess glucose in the blood

57
Q

Glycosuria

A

Effort to eliminate glucose in urine via polyuria.

58
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Often caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islet cells. Abrupt onset. Usually in children and teenagers.

59
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

90% of diabetes cases. Cellular resistance to insulin. Causes overproduction of insulin leading to failure of the cells. Mostly linked to obesity.

PHS Medical Terminology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions