Chapter 13 - The Urinary System

Question 1

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 1

Created by kidneys. Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow.

Question 2

Renin

Answer 2

Created by kidneys. Enzyme that functions to raise blood pressure.

Question 3

Angiotensin

Answer 3

Activated by renin. Causing constriction of blood vessels.

Question 4

ACE inhibitors

Answer 4

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are drugs that lower blood pressure by interfering with production of angiotensin.

Question 5

Renal cortex

Answer 5

Outer region of the kidneys.

Question 6

Renal medulla

Answer 6

Inner region of kidneys. Divided into triangular shaped sections called renal pyramids.

Question 7

Nephrons

Answer 7

Kidneys functional units.

Question 8

Calyx

Answer 8

Urine collecting areas

Question 9

Renal pelvis

Answer 9

Upper funnel shaped portion of the ureter.

Question 10

Glomerular (Bowman) capsule

Answer 10

Cup shaped blood filtering device of the nephron.

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

Collection of capillaries in the nephron

Question 12

Glomerular filtrate

Answer 12

Fluid that enters the nephrons through the glomerular wall. Mainly water, electrolytes, soluble wastes, nutrients, and toxins

Question 13

Urea

Answer 13

Main waste material. Nitrogenous byproduct of protein metabolism.

Question 14

Tubular reabsoprtion

Answer 14

Water, electrolytes, and nutrients returned to the blood through the peritubular capillaries that surround the nephron.

Question 15

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 15

Promotes reabsorption of water.

Question 16

Diuretic

Answer 16

Substance that promotes urinary output (diuresis)

Question 17

Trigone

Answer 17

Stable triangle in the bladder. Marked by the uretral openings and urethral opening. Trigones stability prevents urine from refluxing into the ureters.

Question 18

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 18

Involuntary superior muscle at the entrance of the urethra

Question 19

External urethral sphincter

Answer 19

Voluntary inferior muscle

Question 20

Ren/o

Answer 20

Kidney

Question 21

Nephr/o

Answer 21

Kidney

Question 22

Glomerul/o

Answer 22

Glomerulus

Question 23

Pyel/o

Answer 23

Renal pelvis

Question 24

Cali/o, calic/o

Answer 24

Calyx

Question 25

Ur/o

Answer 25

Urine, urinary tract

Question 26

Urin/o

Answer 26

Urine

Question 27

Ureter/o

Answer 27

Ureter

Question 28

Cyst/o

Answer 28

Urinary bladder

Question 29

Vesic/o

Answer 29

Urinary bladder

Question 30

Urethr/o

Answer 30

Urethra

Question 31

Dysuria

Answer 31

Painful urination

Question 32

Pyelonephritis

Answer 32

Infection of the renal pelvis and kidney

Question 33

Urethritis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the urethra

Question 34

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the kidney and glomeruli. Specific disorder that follow immunologic reaction.

Question 35

Glomerulonephritis symptoms

Answer 35

Hypertension, edema, and oliguria (passage of small amounts of urine)

Question 36

Hematuria

Answer 36

Blood in the urine

Question 37

Proteinuria

Answer 37

Protein in the urine.

Question 38

CRF

Answer 38

Chronic renal failure

Question 39

ESRD

Answer 39

End stage renal disease

Question 40

Uremia

Answer 40

Urine in the blood

Question 41

ARF

Answer 41

Acute renal failure

Question 42

Hemodialysis

Answer 42

Blood is cleansed by passage over a membrane surrounded by fluid that draws out unwanted substances

Question 43

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 43

Fluid introduced into the peritoneal cavity that is periodically withdrawn or replaced

Question 44

CAPD

Answer 44

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Question 45

CCPD

Answer 45

Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis

Question 46

Renal colic

Answer 46

Pain from urinary Lithiasis (stones)

Question 47

Hydronephrosis

Answer 47

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis

Question 48

Lithotomy

Answer 48

Surgical removal of the stones

Question 49

External procedure to remove stones

Answer 49

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy