Chapter 13 - The Urinary System Flashcards
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Created by kidneys. Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow.
Renin
Created by kidneys. Enzyme that functions to raise blood pressure.
Angiotensin
Activated by renin. Causing constriction of blood vessels.
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are drugs that lower blood pressure by interfering with production of angiotensin.
Renal cortex
Outer region of the kidneys.
Renal medulla
Inner region of kidneys. Divided into triangular shaped sections called renal pyramids.
Nephrons
Kidneys functional units.
Calyx
Urine collecting areas
Renal pelvis
Upper funnel shaped portion of the ureter.
Glomerular (Bowman) capsule
Cup shaped blood filtering device of the nephron.
Glomerulus
Collection of capillaries in the nephron
Glomerular filtrate
Fluid that enters the nephrons through the glomerular wall. Mainly water, electrolytes, soluble wastes, nutrients, and toxins
Urea
Main waste material. Nitrogenous byproduct of protein metabolism.
Tubular reabsoprtion
Water, electrolytes, and nutrients returned to the blood through the peritubular capillaries that surround the nephron.
Antidiuretic hormone
Promotes reabsorption of water.
Diuretic
Substance that promotes urinary output (diuresis)
Trigone
Stable triangle in the bladder. Marked by the uretral openings and urethral opening. Trigones stability prevents urine from refluxing into the ureters.
Internal urethral sphincter
Involuntary superior muscle at the entrance of the urethra
External urethral sphincter
Voluntary inferior muscle
Ren/o
Kidney
Nephr/o
Kidney
Glomerul/o
Glomerulus
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Cali/o, calic/o
Calyx
Ur/o
Urine, urinary tract
Urin/o
Urine
Ureter/o
Ureter
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
Vesic/o
Urinary bladder
Urethr/o
Urethra
Dysuria
Painful urination
Pyelonephritis
Infection of the renal pelvis and kidney
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney and glomeruli. Specific disorder that follow immunologic reaction.
Glomerulonephritis symptoms
Hypertension, edema, and oliguria (passage of small amounts of urine)
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Proteinuria
Protein in the urine.
CRF
Chronic renal failure
ESRD
End stage renal disease
Uremia
Urine in the blood
ARF
Acute renal failure
Hemodialysis
Blood is cleansed by passage over a membrane surrounded by fluid that draws out unwanted substances
Peritoneal dialysis
Fluid introduced into the peritoneal cavity that is periodically withdrawn or replaced
CAPD
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CCPD
Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis
Renal colic
Pain from urinary Lithiasis (stones)
Hydronephrosis
Collection of urine in the renal pelvis
Lithotomy
Surgical removal of the stones
External procedure to remove stones
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
