Chapter 19 - The Skeletal System Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Central core of the body’s bony framework.
Skull
8 cranial bones and 14 bones of the face
Spinal column
26 vertebrae
Cervical
7 bones. 2 names. Atlas first. Axis second
Thoracic
12 bones
Lumbar
5 bones
Sacrum
Composed of 5 fused bones
Coccyx
4 to 5 fused bones.
Thorax
12 pairs of ribs joined by cartilage to the breast bone
Appendicular skeleton
Attached (appended) to the axial skeleton.
Acetabulum
Hip socket
Ossification
Formation of bones by gradual addition of calcium and phosphorus salts to cartilage.
Osteoblasts
Cells that produce bone
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
Involved in the breakdown of bone tissue to release needed minerals or to allow for reshaping or repair.
Resorption
Process of destroying bones so that it’s components can be take in in circulation.
Diaphysis
Long shaft of a bone composed of compact bone tissue. Also has artery and vein.
Medullary cavity
Cavity of a long bone containing yellow form or bone marrow.
Epiphysis
Irregular end of a long bone with less dense spongy bone tissue.
Periosteum
Thin layer of fibrous tissue that covers the bones outer surface and nourish and protects and generates new bone cells.
Metaphysis
Growth region. Also called epiphyseal plate. Where the bone grows until it is fully calcified
Suture
Immovable joint held together by fibrous connective tissue.
Symphysis
Movable joint connected by fibrous cartilage.
Synovial joint
Also called diarthrosis. Freely movable joint. Tendons attach muscles to bones to produce movement.
Synovial fluid
Cushions and lubricates movable joints.
Bursa
Small sac of synovial fluid that cushions the area around a joint.
Diarthrosis
Movable joint
Oste/o
Bone
Myel/o
Bone marrow, also spinal cord
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Arthr/o
Joint
Synov/I
Synovial fluid, joint, or membrane
Burs/o
Bursa
-desis
Fusion
-genous
Originating
-lysis
Destruction
-centesis
Puncture
-poiesis
Formation
-dynia
Pain
-oid
Resembling
Crani/o
Skull, cranium
Spondy/l
Vertebra
Vertebr/o
Vertebrae, spinal column
Rachi/o
Spine
Cost/o
Rib
Sacr/o
Sacrum
Coccy, coccyg/o
Coccyx
Pelvi/o
Pelvis
ili/o
Ilium
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone caused by pus forming bacteria.
Pott disease
Tuberculosis of the spine
Closed fracture
Simple fracture with no open wound
Colles fracture
At the distal end of the radius with backward displacement of the hand
Comminuted
Fracture in which the bone is crushed or splintered.
Compression
Fracture caused from force at both ends
Greenstick
One end of the bone is broken and the other is bent
Impacted fracture
One fragment is driven into another
Oblique
Fracture at ad angle across the bone
Open fracture
Associated with an open wound and the bone protrudes through the skin.
Spiral fracture
Fracture is in a spiral or S shape. Usually caused by twisting injuries.
Transverse
A break at a right angle to a long bone.
Osteomalacia
Softening of the bones because of diminished calcium salt formation.
Rickets
Osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency.
Paget disease
Disorder of aging in which bones become overgrown and thicker but deformed.
Osteogenic sarcoma
Highly malignant tumor usually in the knee caps that often requires amputation.
Chondrosarcoma
Tumor of the cartilage.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Disease of the spine where joint cartilage is destroyed. Eventually the cartilage is destroyed and the joint fuse (ankylosis)
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slipping of a vertebrae over the one below.
Kyphosis
Exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region. Hunchback
Lordosis
Exaggerated curve of the lumbar region. Swayback.
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine in any direction.
Annulus fibrosus
Outer ring like portion of an intervertebral disk.
