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PHS Medical Terminology > Chapter 19 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Central core of the body’s bony framework.

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2
Q

Skull

A

8 cranial bones and 14 bones of the face

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3
Q

Spinal column

A

26 vertebrae

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4
Q

Cervical

A

7 bones. 2 names. Atlas first. Axis second

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5
Q

Thoracic

A

12 bones

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6
Q

Lumbar

A

5 bones

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7
Q

Sacrum

A

Composed of 5 fused bones

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8
Q

Coccyx

A

4 to 5 fused bones.

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9
Q

Thorax

A

12 pairs of ribs joined by cartilage to the breast bone

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10
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Attached (appended) to the axial skeleton.

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11
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket

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12
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of bones by gradual addition of calcium and phosphorus salts to cartilage.

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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that produce bone

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14
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue.

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15
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Involved in the breakdown of bone tissue to release needed minerals or to allow for reshaping or repair.

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16
Q

Resorption

A

Process of destroying bones so that it’s components can be take in in circulation.

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17
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long shaft of a bone composed of compact bone tissue. Also has artery and vein.

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18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Cavity of a long bone containing yellow form or bone marrow.

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19
Q

Epiphysis

A

Irregular end of a long bone with less dense spongy bone tissue.

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

Thin layer of fibrous tissue that covers the bones outer surface and nourish and protects and generates new bone cells.

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21
Q

Metaphysis

A

Growth region. Also called epiphyseal plate. Where the bone grows until it is fully calcified

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22
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joint held together by fibrous connective tissue.

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23
Q

Symphysis

A

Movable joint connected by fibrous cartilage.

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24
Q

Synovial joint

A

Also called diarthrosis. Freely movable joint. Tendons attach muscles to bones to produce movement.

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25
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Cushions and lubricates movable joints.

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26
Q

Bursa

A

Small sac of synovial fluid that cushions the area around a joint.

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27
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Movable joint

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28
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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29
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, also spinal cord

30
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

31
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

32
Q

Synov/I

A

Synovial fluid, joint, or membrane

33
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

34
Q

-desis

A

Fusion

35
Q

-genous

A

Originating

36
Q

-lysis

A

Destruction

37
Q

-centesis

A

Puncture

38
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

39
Q

-dynia

A

Pain

40
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

41
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull, cranium

42
Q

Spondy/l

A

Vertebra

43
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebrae, spinal column

44
Q

Rachi/o

A

Spine

45
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

46
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

47
Q

Coccy, coccyg/o

A

Coccyx

48
Q

Pelvi/o

A

Pelvis

49
Q

ili/o

A

Ilium

50
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone caused by pus forming bacteria.

51
Q

Pott disease

A

Tuberculosis of the spine

52
Q

Closed fracture

A

Simple fracture with no open wound

53
Q

Colles fracture

A

At the distal end of the radius with backward displacement of the hand

54
Q

Comminuted

A

Fracture in which the bone is crushed or splintered.

55
Q

Compression

A

Fracture caused from force at both ends

56
Q

Greenstick

A

One end of the bone is broken and the other is bent

57
Q

Impacted fracture

A

One fragment is driven into another

58
Q

Oblique

A

Fracture at ad angle across the bone

59
Q

Open fracture

A

Associated with an open wound and the bone protrudes through the skin.

60
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Fracture is in a spiral or S shape. Usually caused by twisting injuries.

61
Q

Transverse

A

A break at a right angle to a long bone.

62
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of the bones because of diminished calcium salt formation.

63
Q

Rickets

A

Osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency.

64
Q

Paget disease

A

Disorder of aging in which bones become overgrown and thicker but deformed.

65
Q

Osteogenic sarcoma

A

Highly malignant tumor usually in the knee caps that often requires amputation.

66
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Tumor of the cartilage.

67
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Disease of the spine where joint cartilage is destroyed. Eventually the cartilage is destroyed and the joint fuse (ankylosis)

68
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slipping of a vertebrae over the one below.

69
Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region. Hunchback

70
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated curve of the lumbar region. Swayback.

71
Q

Scoliosis

A

Sideways curvature of the spine in any direction.

72
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Outer ring like portion of an intervertebral disk.

PHS Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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