Chapter 19 - The Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Central core of the body’s bony framework.

Question 2

Skull

Answer 2

8 cranial bones and 14 bones of the face

Question 3

Spinal column

Answer 3

26 vertebrae

Question 4

Cervical

Answer 4

7 bones. 2 names. Atlas first. Axis second

Question 5

Thoracic

Answer 5

12 bones

Question 6

Lumbar

Answer 6

5 bones

Question 7

Sacrum

Answer 7

Composed of 5 fused bones

Question 8

Coccyx

Answer 8

4 to 5 fused bones.

Question 9

Thorax

Answer 9

12 pairs of ribs joined by cartilage to the breast bone

Question 10

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

Attached (appended) to the axial skeleton.

Question 11

Acetabulum

Answer 11

Hip socket

Question 12

Ossification

Answer 12

Formation of bones by gradual addition of calcium and phosphorus salts to cartilage.

Question 13

Osteoblasts

Answer 13

Cells that produce bone

Question 14

Osteocytes

Answer 14

Mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue.

Question 15

Osteoclasts

Answer 15

Involved in the breakdown of bone tissue to release needed minerals or to allow for reshaping or repair.

Question 16

Resorption

Answer 16

Process of destroying bones so that it’s components can be take in in circulation.

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

Long shaft of a bone composed of compact bone tissue. Also has artery and vein.

Question 18

Medullary cavity

Answer 18

Cavity of a long bone containing yellow form or bone marrow.

Question 19

Epiphysis

Answer 19

Irregular end of a long bone with less dense spongy bone tissue.

Question 20

Periosteum

Answer 20

Thin layer of fibrous tissue that covers the bones outer surface and nourish and protects and generates new bone cells.

Question 21

Metaphysis

Answer 21

Growth region. Also called epiphyseal plate. Where the bone grows until it is fully calcified

Question 22

Suture

Answer 22

Immovable joint held together by fibrous connective tissue.

Question 23

Symphysis

Answer 23

Movable joint connected by fibrous cartilage.

Question 24

Synovial joint

Answer 24

Also called diarthrosis. Freely movable joint. Tendons attach muscles to bones to produce movement.

Question 25

Synovial fluid

Answer 25

Cushions and lubricates movable joints.

Question 26

Bursa

Answer 26

Small sac of synovial fluid that cushions the area around a joint.

Question 27

Diarthrosis

Answer 27

Movable joint

Question 28

Oste/o

Answer 28

Bone

Question 29

Myel/o

Answer 29

Bone marrow, also spinal cord

Question 30

Chondr/o

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

Arthr/o

Answer 31

Joint

Question 32

Synov/I

Answer 32

Synovial fluid, joint, or membrane

Question 33

Burs/o

Answer 33

Bursa

Question 34

-desis

Answer 34

Fusion

Question 35

-genous

Answer 35

Originating

Question 36

-lysis

Answer 36

Destruction

Question 37

-centesis

Answer 37

Puncture

Question 38

-poiesis

Answer 38

Formation

Question 39

-dynia

Answer 39

Pain

Question 40

-oid

Answer 40

Resembling

Question 41

Crani/o

Answer 41

Skull, cranium

Question 42

Spondy/l

Answer 42

Vertebra

Question 43

Vertebr/o

Answer 43

Vertebrae, spinal column

Question 44

Rachi/o

Answer 44

Spine

Question 45

Cost/o

Answer 45

Rib

Question 46

Sacr/o

Answer 46

Sacrum

Question 47

Coccy, coccyg/o

Answer 47

Coccyx

Question 48

Pelvi/o

Answer 48

Pelvis

Question 49

ili/o

Answer 49

Ilium

Question 50

Osteomyelitis

Answer 50

Inflammation of the bone caused by pus forming bacteria.

Question 51

Pott disease

Answer 51

Tuberculosis of the spine

Question 52

Closed fracture

Answer 52

Simple fracture with no open wound

Question 53

Colles fracture

Answer 53

At the distal end of the radius with backward displacement of the hand

Question 54

Comminuted

Answer 54

Fracture in which the bone is crushed or splintered.

Question 55

Compression

Answer 55

Fracture caused from force at both ends

Question 56

Greenstick

Answer 56

One end of the bone is broken and the other is bent

Question 57

Impacted fracture

Answer 57

One fragment is driven into another

Question 58

Oblique

Answer 58

Fracture at ad angle across the bone

Question 59

Open fracture

Answer 59

Associated with an open wound and the bone protrudes through the skin.

Question 60

Spiral fracture

Answer 60

Fracture is in a spiral or S shape. Usually caused by twisting injuries.

Question 61

Transverse

Answer 61

A break at a right angle to a long bone.

Question 62

Osteomalacia

Answer 62

Softening of the bones because of diminished calcium salt formation.

Question 63

Rickets

Answer 63

Osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Question 64

Paget disease

Answer 64

Disorder of aging in which bones become overgrown and thicker but deformed.

Question 65

Osteogenic sarcoma

Answer 65

Highly malignant tumor usually in the knee caps that often requires amputation.

Question 66

Chondrosarcoma

Answer 66

Tumor of the cartilage.

Question 67

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 67

Disease of the spine where joint cartilage is destroyed. Eventually the cartilage is destroyed and the joint fuse (ankylosis)

Question 68

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 68

Forward slipping of a vertebrae over the one below.

Question 69

Kyphosis

Answer 69

Exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region. Hunchback

Question 70

Lordosis

Answer 70

Exaggerated curve of the lumbar region. Swayback.

Question 71

Scoliosis

Answer 71

Sideways curvature of the spine in any direction.

Question 72

Annulus fibrosus

Answer 72

Outer ring like portion of an intervertebral disk.