Chapter 20- Enzymes And Vitamins Flashcards
Active site
A pocket in a part of the tertiary enzyme structure that binds substrate and catalyzes a reaction
Activity
The rate at which an anyone catalyzes the reaction that converts substrate to product
Allosteric enzyme
An enzyme that regulates the rate of a reaction when a regulator molecule attaches to a site other than an active site
Antibiotics
Substances usually produced by bacteria, mold, or yeast that inhibit growth of bacteria
Coenzyme
An organic molecule, usually a vitamin, required as a cofactors in enzyme action
Cofactors
A metal ion or an organic molecule that is necessary for a biologically functional enzyme
Competitive inhibitor
A molecule with a structure similar to the substrate that inhibits enzyme action by competing for the active site
Enzyme
Globular proteins, sometimes with cofactors, that catalyze biological reactions
Enzyme substrate (ES) complex
An intermediate consisting of an enzyme that binds tonal substrate in an enzyme- catalyzes reaction
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins that are not soluble in water and can be stored in the liver and body fat
Feedback control
A type of inhibition in which an end product inhibits the first enzyme in a sequence of enzyme- catalyzes reactions
Induced fit model
A model of enzyme action in which the shape of a substrate and the active site of the enzyme adjust to give an optimal fit
Inhibitors
Substances that make an enzyme inactive by interfering with its ability to react with a substrate
Irreversible inhibition
The loss of enzymatic activity that cannot be reversed
Lock and key model
A model of enzyme action in which the substrate is like a key that fits the specific shape of the active site
Noncompetitive inhibitor
A type of inhibitor that alters the shape of an enzyme as well as the active site so that the substrate cannot bind properly
Optimum pH
The pH at which an enzyme is most active
Optimum temperature
The temperature at which an enzyme is most active
Reversible inhibition
The loss of enzymatic activity by an inhibitor whose effect can be reversed
Simple enzyme
An enzyme that is active as a polypeptide onl
Substrate
The molecule that reacts in the active site in an enzyme catalyzes reaction
Vitamins
Organic molecules that are essential for a normal health and growth and are obtained in small amounts from the diet
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamins that are soluble in water; they cannot be stored in the body, are easily destroyed by heat, ultraviolet light, and oxygen, and function as coenzymes
Zygotes
An inactive form of an enzyme that is activated by the removal of a peptide portion from one end of the protein
