Chapter 12: Alkenes, Alkynes, And Aromatic Compounds Flashcards
Addition
A reaction in which atoms or groups of atoms bond to a double bond. Addition reactions include the addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation), halogens (halogenation), hydrogen halides ( hydrohalogenation), and water
Benzene
A ring of six carbon atoms each of which is attached to a hydrogen atom C6H6
Carbocation
A carbon cation that has only three bonds and a positive charge and is formed during the addition reactions of hydration and hydrohalogenation
Cis isomer
An isomer of an Alkene in which large groups are attached to the same side of the double bond
Halogenation
The addition of Cl2 or Br2 to an Alkene or benzene to form halogen-containing compounds
Hydration
An addition reaction in which the components of water,H- and OH-, bond to the carbon-carbon double bond to form an alcohol
Hydrogenation
The addition of hydrogen (H2) to the double bond of alkenes to yield alkanes
Hydrohalegenation
The addition of a hydrogen halide such a HCl or HBr to a double bond
Markovnikov’s rule
When adding HX or HOH to alkenes with different numbers of groups attached to the double bonds, H- adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms
Meta
A method of naming that indicates substituents at carbon 1 and 3 of a benzene ring
Ortho
Method of naming that indicates substituents at carbon 1 and 2 of benzene ring
Para
Method of naming that indicated the substituents at carbons 1 and 4 of benzene ring
Monomer
The small organic molecule that is repeated many times in a polymer
Polymer
A very large molecule that is composed of many small, repeating structural units that are identical
Substitution
The reactions of benzene and other aromatic compounds in which an atom or group of atoms replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring
