Chapter 13- Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, And Ethers

Question 1

Alcohol

Answer 1

Contains the hydroxyl group -OH attached to a carbon chain

Question 2

Cyclic ether

Answer 2

Compound that contains an oxygen atom in a carbon ring

Question 3

Dehydration

Answer 3

Reaction that removes a water molecule from an alcohol in the presence of an acid to form alkenes at high temperature, or ethers at lower temperatures

Question 4

Disulfide

Answer 4

Compound formed from thiols; disulfides contains the -S-S- functional group

Question 5

Ether

Answer 5

An organic compound in which oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or two aromatic groups, or a mix of the two

Question 6

Hydroxyl group

Answer 6

-OH functional group

Question 7

Oxidation

Answer 7

The loss of two hydrogen atoms from a reactant to give a more oxidized compound, e.g. Primary alcohols oxidize to aldehydes, secondary alcohols oxidize to ketones. An oxidation can also be the addition of an oxygen atom as in the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids

Question 8

Phenol

Answer 8

An organic compound that has an -OH attached to a benzene ring

Question 9

Primary alcohol

Answer 9

An alcohol that has one alkyl group bonded to the alcohol carbon atom

Question 10

Saytzeff’s rule

Answer 10

In the dehydration of alcohol, hydrogen is removed from the carbon that already has the smaller number of hydrogen atoms to form an Alkene

Question 11

Secondary alcohol

Answer 11

An alcohol that has two alkyl groups bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH group

Question 12

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 12

An alcohol that has three alkyl groups bonded to the carbon with the -OH

Question 13

Thiol

Answer 13

Organic compound that contains a Thiol group -SH

Question 14

Naming alcohols

Answer 14

1- name longest carbon chain containing -OH
2- number the longest chain starting at the end closer to the -OH group
3- name and number other substituents relative to the -OH group
4- name a cyclic alcohol cycloalkanol

Question 15

Boiling points

Answer 15

Very polar! Alcohols have much higher boiling points thane there of similar mass

Ethers- bp similar to alkanes

Question 16

Alcohol Solubility

Answer 16

1-4 carbons? Soluble.

5 or more? Not soluble.

Question 17

Ether solubility

Answer 17

2-3 carbons? Soluble

Question 18

Phenol properties

Answer 18

High boiling point, slightly soluble in water

Question 19

Naming thiols

Answer 19

Add Thiol to the alkane name of the longest carbon chain bonded to the -SH group

Ex: methanol- methanethiol

Question 20

Naming ethers

Answer 20

1- write the alkane name of the longer carbon chain
2- name the oxygen and smaller alkyl group as a substituent called an alloy group
3- number the longer chain from the end nearer the alkoxy group to give the location of the alkoxy group

Question 21

Ethers as anesthetics

Answer 21

Most contain ether group but the addition of a halogen reduces the volatility and flammability

Question 22

Toxic ethers

Answer 22

Dioxin- term used for a group of highly toxic compounds

Carcinogen

Question 23

Methanol poisoning

Answer 23

“wood alcohol” present in paint strippers and windshield wiper fluid

Metabolized to formaldehyde– may cause blindness

Question 24

Oxidation of alcohol in the body

Answer 24

Ethanol- impairs mental and physical coordination

>.4% coma or death can occur