Chapter 11- Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Alcohol

Answer 1

Class of organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to a carbon atom

Question 2

Aldehyde

Answer 2

Class of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom

Question 3

Alkanes

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 4

Alkene

Answer 4

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C)

Question 5

Alkyl group

Answer 5

An Alkene minus one hydrocarbon atom. Alkyl groups are names like the alkanes except a -yl ending replaces -ane

Question 6

Alkynes

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bonds

Question 7

Amide

Answer 7

Class of organic compounds in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxylate acid is replaced by a nitrogen group

Question 8

Amine

Answer 8

Class of organic compounds that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms

Question 9

Aromatic

Answer 9

A compound that contains benzene. Benzene has a six-carbon ring with only one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon

Question 10

Branch

Answer 10

A carbon group bonded to the main carbon chain

Question 11

Branched alkane

Answer 11

Single-bonded hydrocarbon containing a substituent bonded to the main chain

Question 12

Carbonyl group

Answer 12

Functional group that contains a double bond between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom

Question 13

Carboxylate acid

Answer 13

Class of organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group

Question 14

Combustion

Answer 14

Chemical reaction in which an alkane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O, and energy.

Question 15

Condensed structural formula

Answer 15

Structural formula that shows the arrangement of the carbon atoms in a molecule but groups each carbon atom with its bonded hydrogen atoms.

Question 16

Cycloalkane

Answer 16

An alkane that is a ring or Euclid structure

Question 17

Ester

Answer 17

Class of organic compounds that contains a -COO group with an oxygen atom bonded to carbon.

Question 18

Ether

Answer 18

Class of organic compounds that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms -o-

Question 19

Expanded structural formula

Answer 19

A type of structural formula that shows the arrangement of the atoms by showing each bond in the hydrocarbon as C-H, C-C, C=C, C3C

Question 20

Functional group

Answer 20

Group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties and naming of a class of organic compounds

Question 21

Haloalkane

Answer 21

Type of alkane that contains one or more halogen atoms

Question 22

Hydrocarbon

Answer 22

Organic compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 23

Isomers

Answer 23

Organic compounds in which identical molecular formulas have different arrangement of atoms

Question 24

IUPAC system

Answer 24

The system for naming organic compounds devised by the international union of pure and applied chemistry

Question 25

Ketone

Answer 25

Class of organic compounds in which a carbonyl is bonded to two carbon atoms

Question 26

Line-bond formula

Answer 26

Type of structural formula that shows only the bonds from carbon to carbon

Question 27

Substituent

Answer 27

Groups of atoms such as an alkyl group or a halogen bonded to the main chain or ring of carbon atoms

Question 28

Thiol

Answer 28

Class of organic molecules that contains the -SH functional group bonded to a carbon atim

Question 29

Combustion

Answer 29

Alkane + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 30

Properties of alkanes

Answer 30

Solubility, density, melting and boiling points, combustion

Question 31

Solubility and density of alkanes

Answer 31

Nonpolar- insoluble in water Soluble in Nonpolar solvents- other alkanes Density- .6g/mL to .8 g/mL

Question 32

Melting points of alkanes

Answer 32

Lowest melting points and boiling points of all organic compounds The longer the carbon chain, the higher the melting point

Question 33

Melting point of branched alkanes

Answer 33

Generally lower than straight chain by they are more compact

Question 34

Melting point of cycloalkanes

Answer 34

Higher than alkanes be they maintain a rigid structure

Question 35

Uses of haloalkanes

Answer 35

Solvents and anesthetics

Question 36

CFCs and ozone depletion

Answer 36

Chlorofluorocarbons-used as propellants for hair sprays and paints Freon Today they are being phased out and replaced with hcfc's or HFCs

Question 37

Odor of ethyl alcohol

Answer 37

Found in alcoholic beverages

Question 38

Where does the odor from acetone, vanilla, cinnamon, and spearmint come from.?

Answer 38

Ketones and aldehydes

Question 39

Where does the sour tastes from vinegar and fruit juices come from?

Answer 39

Carboxylic acids

Question 40

Where does the fishy odor from fish come from?

Answer 40

Amines

Question 41

Alkaloids

Answer 41

Caffeine, nicotine, histamine, and decongestants