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Chemistry > Chapter 11- Introduction To Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Alcohol

A

Class of organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to a carbon atom

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2
Q

Aldehyde

A

Class of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom

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3
Q

Alkanes

A

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms

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4
Q

Alkene

A

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C)

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5
Q

Alkyl group

A

An Alkene minus one hydrocarbon atom. Alkyl groups are names like the alkanes except a -yl ending replaces -ane

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6
Q

Alkynes

A

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bonds

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7
Q

Amide

A

Class of organic compounds in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxylate acid is replaced by a nitrogen group

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8
Q

Amine

A

Class of organic compounds that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms

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9
Q

Aromatic

A

A compound that contains benzene. Benzene has a six-carbon ring with only one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon

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10
Q

Branch

A

A carbon group bonded to the main carbon chain

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11
Q

Branched alkane

A

Single-bonded hydrocarbon containing a substituent bonded to the main chain

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12
Q

Carbonyl group

A

Functional group that contains a double bond between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom

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13
Q

Carboxylate acid

A

Class of organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group

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14
Q

Combustion

A

Chemical reaction in which an alkane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O, and energy.

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15
Q

Condensed structural formula

A

Structural formula that shows the arrangement of the carbon atoms in a molecule but groups each carbon atom with its bonded hydrogen atoms.

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16
Q

Cycloalkane

A

An alkane that is a ring or Euclid structure

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17
Q

Ester

A

Class of organic compounds that contains a -COO group with an oxygen atom bonded to carbon.

18
Q

Ether

A

Class of organic compounds that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms -o-

19
Q

Expanded structural formula

A

A type of structural formula that shows the arrangement of the atoms by showing each bond in the hydrocarbon as C-H, C-C, C=C, C3C

20
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties and naming of a class of organic compounds

21
Q

Haloalkane

A

Type of alkane that contains one or more halogen atoms

22
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Organic compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

23
Q

Isomers

A

Organic compounds in which identical molecular formulas have different arrangement of atoms

24
Q

IUPAC system

A

The system for naming organic compounds devised by the international union of pure and applied chemistry

25
Q

Ketone

A

Class of organic compounds in which a carbonyl is bonded to two carbon atoms

26
Q

Line-bond formula

A

Type of structural formula that shows only the bonds from carbon to carbon

27
Q

Substituent

A

Groups of atoms such as an alkyl group or a halogen bonded to the main chain or ring of carbon atoms

28
Q

Thiol

A

Class of organic molecules that contains the -SH functional group bonded to a carbon atim

29
Q

Combustion

A

Alkane + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + energy

30
Q

Properties of alkanes

A

Solubility, density, melting and boiling points, combustion

31
Q

Solubility and density of alkanes

A

Nonpolar- insoluble in water
Soluble in Nonpolar solvents- other alkanes
Density- .6g/mL to .8 g/mL

32
Q

Melting points of alkanes

A

Lowest melting points and boiling points of all organic compounds

The longer the carbon chain, the higher the melting point

33
Q

Melting point of branched alkanes

A

Generally lower than straight chain by they are more compact

34
Q

Melting point of cycloalkanes

A

Higher than alkanes be they maintain a rigid structure

35
Q

Uses of haloalkanes

A

Solvents and anesthetics

36
Q

CFCs and ozone depletion

A

Chlorofluorocarbons-used as propellants for hair sprays and paints
Freon
Today they are being phased out and replaced with hcfc’s or HFCs

37
Q

Odor of ethyl alcohol

A

Found in alcoholic beverages

38
Q

Where does the odor from acetone, vanilla, cinnamon, and spearmint come from.?

A

Ketones and aldehydes

39
Q

Where does the sour tastes from vinegar and fruit juices come from?

A

Carboxylic acids

40
Q

Where does the fishy odor from fish come from?

A

Amines

41
Q

Alkaloids

A

Caffeine, nicotine, histamine, and decongestants

Chemistry (13 decks)

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