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MICRB 201 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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2
Q

What is endotoxic shock?

A

drastic drop in blood pressure due to the release of endotoxins into the bloodstream by gram-negative bacteria

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3
Q

What is the causative agent of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis; a gram-positive, endospore-forming rod

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the B. anthracis tripartite toxin?

A

Edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor

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5
Q

How is sepsis treated?

A

Immediate therapy with a broad-spectrum antibiotic; treatment is narrowed after causative agent is identified

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6
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

System of vessels and organs that serves as a site for immune cell development and immune reactions

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7
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

A

prolonged treatment with doxycycline and amoxicillin

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8
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Bodily system consisting of the heart and blood vessels, which circulates blood throughout the body

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9
Q

How is Chagas disease diagnosed?

A

Blood smear, serological methods

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10
Q

What are the initial symptoms of lyme disease?

A

Stiff neck, swollen joints, malaise, fatigue

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11
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of sepsis?

A

Fever, altered mental state, shaking chills, gastrointestinal symptoms, increased breathing rate, respiratory alkalosis, low blood pressure

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12
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

blood smears

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13
Q

What are the causative agents of acute endocarditis?

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Pseduomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of endocarditis?

A

fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat, shortness of breath, chills, symptoms similar to myocardial infarction, abdominal/side pain

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Brucella bacteria?

A

tiny, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacilli

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16
Q

What is the causative agent of Cat-Scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

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17
Q

How is bubonic plague diagnosed?

A

Culture of organism, gram stain of bubo aspirate

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18
Q

What is the causative agent of bubonic plague?

A

Yersinia pestis; a tiny, gram-negative rod that looks like a saftey pin

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19
Q

How is brucellosis treated?

A

Combination of doxycycline and gentamicin or rifampin

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20
Q

How is lyme disease typically diagnosed?

A

Serum testing, knowledge of patient history/possible exposure

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21
Q

What is the most common Brucella bacterium to cause brucellosis?

A

B. melitensis

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22
Q

How is ehrlichiosis diagnosed?

A

PCR, indirect fluorescent antibody tests

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23
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute Q fever?

A

fever, chills, head and muscle ache, rash

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24
Q

What is babesiosis?

A

A disease similar to ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, but caused by a protozoan

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25
Q

How can subacute endocarditis be prevented?

A

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in advance of surgical or dental procedures on at risk patients

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26
Q

What genus is HIV in?

A

Lentivirus

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27
Q

What are the acute symptoms of tularemia?

A

headache, backache, fever, chills, malaise, weakness, ulcerative skin lesions, swollen lymph glands, conjunctival inflammation, sore throat, intestinal disruption, pulmonary involvement

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28
Q

Where in/on the body can anthrax exhibit symptoms?

A

Skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system

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29
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for treating acute endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin

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30
Q

How does B. burgdorferi evade the immune system?

A

By altering its surface antigens and evading antibodies produced by the host

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31
Q

What is a systemic infection?

A

An infection that is spread via the blood to multiple locations throughout the body

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32
Q

What is the gold standard of diagnosis for endocarditis?

A

Blood cultures

33
Q

What is the causative agent of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (SFR)?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

34
Q

How is mono diagnosed?

A

differential blood count, “monospot” test

35
Q

What is a bubo?

A

A swollen, necrotic lymph node lesion

36
Q

What drug is currently recommended to treat malaria?

A

artemisinin

37
Q

What are the three types of plague?

A

Pneumonic, bubonic, and septicemic

38
Q

What is the causative agent of trench fever?

A

Bartonella quintana

39
Q

How is lyme disease mainly transmitted?

A

By bites from hard ticks

40
Q

What protozoan genus causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium

41
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

A

fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological changes, severe immune deregulation, hormone imbalances, metabolic disturbances, poor nutrient absorption, fever, sore throat, night sweats, rash, lymphadenopathy

42
Q

What are the symptoms of SFR?

A

sustained fever, chills, headache, muscular pain, spotted rash

43
Q

What is the term for someone who remains healthy despite HIV infection?

A

nonprogressor

44
Q

What are the causative agents of subacute endocarditis?

A

Streptococcus sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mutans

45
Q

What are the principal agents for bubonic plague transmission?

A

Fleas

46
Q

What are the symptoms of Chagas disease?

A

fever, nausea, fatigue, “chagoma” swelling

47
Q

What is the causative agent of tularemia?

A

Francisella tularensis; gram-negative bacterium

48
Q

What drugs can be used for post-exposure prophylaxis treatment of tularemia?

A

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin

49
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

An infection of the valves of the heart, leading to inflammation of the endocardium

50
Q

What is the typical treatment for tularemia?

A

Gentamicin or streptomycin

51
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of bubonic plague?

A

fever, chills, headache, nausea, weakness, tenderness of the bubo

52
Q

What characteristic is seen in all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever diseases?

A

All are RNA enveloped viruses

53
Q

What virus caused AIDS?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

54
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of malaria?

A

malaise, fatigue, vague aches, nausea, diarrhea, chills, fever, sweating

55
Q

What is the gold standard for brucellosis diagnosis?

A

Blood culture

56
Q

What drugs are used to treat CSD?

A

azithromycin, erythromycin, rifampin

57
Q

What are the characteristics of B. burgdorferi?

A

large, spirochete bacterium with complex nutritional requirements

58
Q

What are the symptoms of CSD?

A

papules at site of inoculation, swollen and pus-filled lymph nodes, high fever

59
Q

What is the main way to diagnose sepsis?

A

Blood culture

60
Q

How is anthrax diagnosed?

A

gram stain, culture on blood agar, direct fluorescent antibody testing, phage lysis tests

61
Q

What are the characteristics of C. burnetii?

A

small, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacterium

62
Q

What are the symptoms of trench fever?

A

high 5-6 day fever, leg pains, headache, chills, muscle ache, macular rash

63
Q

What is the causative agent of Chagas disease?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan

64
Q

What genes do Y. pestis contain to help it cause disease?

A

A gene for capsule formation and a gene for plasminogen activation

65
Q

How is SFR diagnosed?

A

fluorescent antibody staining of tissue biopsies

66
Q

What is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

67
Q

What are the characteristics of Bartonella bacteria?

A

small, gram-negative rods

68
Q

What is the causative agent of lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

69
Q

What vector carries trench fever?

A

Lice

70
Q

What are the symptoms of ehrlichiosis?

A

headache, muscle pain, rigors

71
Q

What is anaplasmosis?

A

A disease similar to ehrlichiosis, and caused by a similar bacterium

72
Q

What are non-hemorrhagic fever diseases?

A

diseases characterized by high fever, but without hemorrhagic symptoms

73
Q

What are the primary effects of HIV infection?

A

To harm T cells and the central nervous system

74
Q

What are the symptoms of mono?

A

sore throat, high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, gray-white exudate in throat, rash, enlarged spleen and liver, fatigue

75
Q

What are the symptoms of brucellosis?

A

undulating fever pattern, chills, profuse sweating, headache, muscle pain, weakness, weight loss

76
Q

How is Q fever treated?

A

combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine

77
Q

What is erythema migrans?

A

a bull’s-eye shaped lesion that forms around the site of a tick bite

78
Q

Why are people typically chronically infected with EBV?

A

The virus has a circular form of DNA that it can splice into host DNA

79
Q

What are hemorrhagic fever diseases?

A

diseases that cause high fevers and internal hemorrhaging

MICRB 201 (15 decks)

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