Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry

Question 1

What are the important organic compounds in the body?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

A liquid of gas in which smaller amounts of other substances can be dissolved or suspended.

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Mixture where particles are small.

Question 4

What is PH?

Answer 4

The concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. (Bases have more Hydroxide acids have more hydrogen)

Question 5

What is the PH of blood?

Answer 5

7.35 to 7.45

Question 6

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 6

Functional proteins that act as biological catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product or being changed itself.

Question 7

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 7

Regulates essentially every chemical reaction that goes on within the body. Enzymes bind to and hold the reacting molecules in the proper position for chemical interaction. Once reaction has occurred, the enzyme releases the product.

Question 8

What is the largest type of biological molecule in the body?

Answer 8

Nucleic acids

Question 9

What is the importance of ATP in the body?

Answer 9

Provides a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use. Without ATP, molecules cannot be made or broken down, cells cannot maintain their boundaries, and all life processes grind to a halt. ATP molecules capture and store glucose as small packets of energy.

Question 10

What is ATP?

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate. A modified nucleotide. Provides a for of chemical energy that all body cells can use. It is the currency of the body. Without ATP molecules cannot be made of broken down, cells cannot maintain their boundaries, and all life processes grind to a halt.

Question 11

What is matter?

Answer 11

Anything that occupies space and has mass (weight).

Question 12

What is energy?

Answer 12

The ability to do work, or to put matter into motion. Has no mass, does not take up space. Can only be measured by its effects on matter.

Question 13

Kinetic energy

Answer 13

When energy is actually doing work.

Question 14

Potential energy

Answer 14

When energy is inactive or stored.

Question 15

Chemical energy

Answer 15

Stored in the bonds of chemical substances. When bond is broke, energy is released.

Question 16

Electrical energy

Answer 16

Result of the movement of charged particles

Question 17

Nerve impulses

Answer 17

Electrical energy that the body uses to send messages to other parts of the body.

Question 18

Mechanical energy

Answer 18

Energy directly involved in moving matter.

Question 19

Radiant energy

Answer 19

travels in waves, that is, it is energy of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ex. X-rays, or infrared radiation.

Question 20

Which four elements make up most of body weight?

Answer 20

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Question 21

What are the three basic subatomic particles?

Answer 21

Protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), electrons (negative charge).

Question 22

What is atomic mass?

Answer 22

The sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus.

Question 23

Isotopes

Answer 23

Structural variations in atoms with varying numbers of neutrons.

Question 24

Radioisotopes

Answer 24

Isotopes that tend to decompose to become more stable. These are heavier than other isotopes.

Question 25

Molecules

Answer 25

When two or more atoms combine chemically.

Question 26

Compound

Answer 26

When two or more molecules of different atoms bind together. Compounds are still molecules, they are just a specific type of molecule.

Question 27

Chemical Reactions

Answer 27

When atoms combine with, or disassociate from other atoms.

Question 28

What is an electron shell?

Answer 28

The orbits that electrons take around the nucleus.

Question 29

What is the max number that is currently found?

Answer 29

Seven

Question 30

What is a valence shell?

Answer 30

Electrons in the Atoms outermost electron shell. These are the only ones that are important when considering boding behavior of atoms.

Question 31

How many electrons must a valence shell contain to be stable?

Answer 31

Eight

Question 32

Ionic bond

Answer 32

Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Question 33

Ions

Answer 33

Are charged particles that result when an atom either gains or loses electrons during bonding.

Question 34

Anions

Answer 34

Negatively charged ions.

Question 35

Cations

Answer 35

Positively charged ions.

Question 36

Covalent bonds

Answer 36

Formed when electrons are shared by two atoms.

Question 37

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 37

Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electron hungry atom, and the hydrogen atom forms a bridge between them.

Question 38

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 38

When two or more atoms or molecules combine to for a larger more complex molecule. Energy absorbing reactions.

Question 39

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 39

Occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions.

Question 40

Exchange Reactions

Answer 40

Involves both synthesis and decomposition reactions. Bonds are both made and broken.

Question 41

Hydrolysis reactions

Answer 41

when water molecules are added to the bonds of larger molecules.

Question 42

Salts

Answer 42

ionic compounds containing cations other than hydrogen, and anions other than the hydroxyl ion.

Question 43

Electrolytes

Answer 43

Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. All salts are electrolytes.