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AP Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Study of links in bio to behavior

A

Biological psychology

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1
Q

Study of shape and size of cranium. Determines personality - not really

A

Phrenology

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2
Q

Nerve cell- basic building block

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Cell body of receiving neuron

A

Dendrite

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4
Q

Extension of a neuron- sends impulses to other neurons

A

Axon

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5
Q

Layer of fatty tissue around axons. Speeds up impulses.

A

Myelin sheath

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6
Q

Neural impulse generated by movement of positively charged atoms in and out of axons membrane

A

Action potential

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7
Q

Level of stimulation must be exceeded for reaction to fire

A

Threshold

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8
Q

Junction between sending and receiving ends on a neuron

A

Synapse

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9
Q

Chemicals released into synaptic gap that send messages

A

Neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Neurotransmitter that enables learning, memory, and muscle contraction. Alzheimer’s

A

Ach

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter that influences emotion, movement, learning, attention. Lot = schitz, less = Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine

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12
Q

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal. Depression

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

Natural opiate like transmitter that is linked to pain control

A

Endorphins

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14
Q

Speedy electrical communication system with PNS and CNS

A

Nervous System

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15
Q

Brain and spinal cord system

A

Central Nervous system

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16
Q

Sensory and motor skills system. Connect CNS to outside nerves.

A

Peripheral Nervous system

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17
Q

Bundles of neural axons, part of PNS that connect to CNS

A

Nerves

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18
Q

Carry info from sensory receptors to CNS for processing

A

Sensory Neurons

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19
Q

Carry info and instructions for action from CNS to muscles and glands

A

Motor Neurons

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20
Q

Neurons of the CNS that link the sensory and motor neurons in transmission of sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Inter neurons

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21
Q

Division of PNS that enables voluntary control over skeletal muscles

A

Somatic NS

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22
Q

Controls involuntary muscles of organs for survival

A

Autonomic NS

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23
Q

Mobilizing energy in stressful situations

A

Sympathetic NS

24
Q

Calms body to preserve energy

A

ParaSympathetic NS

25
Q

Inborn response to stimulus - simple neural pathway

26
Q

Distruction of tissue

27
Q

Interconnected neural,cells - strengthened as learning continues

A

Neural Networks

28
Q

Body’s slower chemical system- hormones

A

Endocrine system

29
Q

Chemical messengers in bloodstream with targets

30
Q

Produces epinephrine hormones that prepare body for fight or flight

A

Adrenal glands

31
Q

Under influence of hypothalamus- regulates growth and controls other glands #mastergland

32
Q

Amplified recording of electrical activity and waves in brain

33
Q

Measures level of brain activity by tracing glucose

34
Q

Generates clear images of brain

35
Q

Scans that reveal blood flow and function/anatomy

36
Q

Oldest in remits part of brain. Automatic and survival functions

A

Brain stem

37
Q

In brain stem, controlling breathing and heartbeat

38
Q

Sensory switch board

39
Q

Neural center in limbic system. Storage and memory.

A

Hippocampus

40
Q

Processes sensory input and coordinates movement and balance

A

Cerebellum

41
Q

Border of brain stem and cerebral hemisphere

A

Limbic system

42
Q

Part of limbic system influencing emoticons of fear and aggression

43
Q

Regulates hunger, thirst, body temp - reward centers

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Bark of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

45
Q

Guide neural connections and provides nutrients

A

Glial cells

46
Q

Lobes involved in speaking and muscles movements, planning, and judgement

A

Frontal lobes

47
Q

Contain visual cortex

A

Occipital lobes

48
Q

Contains sensory cortex

A

Parietal lobes

49
Q

Contain auditory areas

A

Temporal lobes

50
Q

Controls voluntary movements

A

Motor cortex

51
Q

In front of parietal lobes- behind motor cortex- registers body touch and processes

A

Sensory cortex

52
Q

Railroad construction man with severe accident. Had aphasia

A

Phineus Gage

53
Q

Important part of language as a result to damage to several cortical areas - Broca’s and Weirnickes

54
Q

Located in left frontal lobe - controlling motor ability to produce speech

A

Broca’s area

55
Q

Located in left temporal lobe - involved in language comprehension and expression

A

Weirnicke’s area

56
Q

Brains capacity for modification after damage to certain parts

A

Plasticity

57
Q

Large band of neural fibers linking right and left hemisphere allowing them to interact

A

Corpus Callosum

58
Q

Condition in which corpus callosum is severed to allowing the sides to interact

A

Split Brain

AP Psychology (18 decks)

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