Chapter 15 Flashcards
The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences our behavior.
Unconscious
Focused on unconscious and childhood experiences in determining our personality
Freud
I’ve unconscious system of personality with basic sexual and aggressive drives, that supplies psychic energy to personality (Devil)
Id
The conscious division of personality that attempts to mediate between the demands of the ID, super ego and reality (umpire)
Ego
The division of personality that contains the conscience and develops by incorporating the perceived moral standards of society. (Angel)
Superego
Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances.
Defense Mechanisms
Offers self justifying explanations in the place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for ones actions
Rationalization
Is an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality
This is the Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring he unconscious
Free association
Banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Repression
Refers to the treatment of psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret the tensions within a patients unconscious, using methods like free association
Psychoanalysis
Developmental periods children pass through during which the ids pleasure seeking energies are focused on different erogenous zones
Psychosexual stages
Boys in the phallic stage develop a collection of feelings - center sexual attraction to the mother and resentment of father
Oedipus Complex
The refusal to accept the reality of something that makes you anxious
Denial
Child’s superego develops and incorporates the parents values. Freud saw identification as crucial, not only resolution of Oedipus complex, but also to the development of gender identity
Indentification
When development becomes arrested, due to unresolved conflicts, in an immature psychosexual stage
Fixation
When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others (hypocrite)
Projection
Where a person faced with anxiety reverts to a less mature pattern of behavior
Regression
In which a sexual or aggressive impulse is shifted to a more acceptable object other than one that originally aroused the impulse
Displacement
The ego converts unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Reaction formation
Jung’s concept of an inherited unconscious shared by all people and deriving from our species history
Collective unconscious
Such as the TAT and Rorschach present ambiguous stimuli onto which people supposedly project their own in era feelings.
Projective tests
A projective test that consists of ambiguous pictures about which people are asked to make up stories
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
The most widely used projective test, consists of 10 inkblots that people are asked to interpret
Rorschach inkblots test
Our deeply rooted fear of death causes us to act in ways that enhance our self esteem and to adhere more strongly to world views that provide answers to questions about about the meaning of life
Terror management theory
The process of fulfilling ones potential and becoming spontaneous, loving, creative, and self accepting. Top of hierarchy
Self actualization
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards a person
Unconditional Positive Regard
Ones personal awareness of “who I am”
Self concept
Are people’s characteristic patterns of behavior
Traits
Associated with the trait perspective, are questionnaires used to assess personality traits
Personality inventories
With 10 clinical scales - the most widely used personality inventory
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
One developed by testing many items to see which best distinguished between groups of interest
Empirically Derived Test
Behavior is the result of interactions between people and their social context - Albert Bandura
Social cognitive perspective
The interaction between personality and environmental factors - 3 different things exchange
Reciprocal Determinism
Refers to a persons sense of controlling the environment
Personal control
Is the perception that ones fate is determined by forces not under personal control
External Locus of Control
Is the perception that to a great extent, one controls ones own destiny
Internal Locus of Control
The passive resignation and perceived lack of control that a person or animal develops from repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events
Learned Helplessness
Focusing on positive emotions, character virtues such as creativity and compassion, and healthy families and neighborhoods - optimal human functioning - Martin Seligman
Positive Psychology
The tendency of people to overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing and evaluating them
Spotlight effect
Refers to an individual’s sense of self worth
Self esteem
Is the tendency to perceive oneself favorably
Self serving bias
Forced choice test (example: MMPI)
Objective personality test
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow
He believed that in order for self actualization to occur, three conditions were required.
Genuineness, acceptance, empathy
Rogers
He Defined personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns- he only wanted to identify… Not explain
Allport
The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
Factor analysis
CANOE- conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion
The Big Five
