Chapter 1 Flashcards
Confidence in incorrect judgements
Overconfidence
Knew it all along after an event has occurred
Hindsight bias
Actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, evaluating info
Critical thinking
Method of procedure that has characterized science
Scientific method
Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observation
Theory
Educated guess on applied theory
Hypothesis
Allows us to measure variables
Operational definitions
Repeating research study in different situations
Replication
Study in depth a particular animal or person. Difficult to generalize
Case study
General view of someone or something- hard to write
Survey
Tendency to overestimate to which others may share out beliefs and behaviors
False consensus effect
Infinite to of an area. Group of the study
Population
Sample that fairly represents a population- each member had equal chance of inclusion
Random sample
Observing in natural setting
Naturalistic observations
One behavior may predict another. Associated. Doesn’t equal causation
Correlation
Graph of two variables to reveal correlation
Scatter plots
Perceiving a relationship between variables when non exists
Illusory correlation
Scientific procurer to determine cause and effect
Experiment
Neither participant or researcher knows who is getting treatment vs placebo
Double blind
Empty treatment where patients believe they are getting the actual treatment
Placebo effect
Variables compared to this condition
Control
Assigning subjects to different treatments
Random assignment
Varied procedure compared to control
Experimental
What is being manipulated X
Independent
Outcome that is measured Y
Dependent
Number that appears the most
Mode
Average number of set
Mean
The middle of the set
Median
Largest # - smallest #
Range
How spread apart #s are on average
Standard deviation
Not occurring randomly
Statistical significance
Arts and humanities of different societies
Culture
Make a survey biased to get desired response
Wording effects
Statistical measure of a relationship. Shows the direction and strength of a relationship. Numbers closest to 1.
Correlational coefficient
