Chapter 11 Flashcards
A statistical procedure identifying clusters of related items or factors on a test - different dimensions of a performance underlies total score
Factor Analysis
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience and solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Intelligence
According to spearman and others it is a factor underlying specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
General intelligence
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Savant syndrome
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Emotional intelligence
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Creativity
A method for assessing an individuals mental altitudes and comparing them with those of others and numerical scores
Intelligence test
Measure of intelligence test performance by Binet - chronological age that most typically corresponds to a give level of performance.
Mental age
Widely used American revision of Binet’s original test
Stanford-Binet
Ratio of mental age ->
mental age/chronological age X 100
IQ
A test designed to predict a persons future performance. Aptitude is capacity to learn
Aptitude test
A designed test to assess what a person has learned
Achievement test
Most widely used intelligence test- verbal and nonverbal subject tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested standardization group
Standardization
Symmetrical bell shaped curve describing distribution
Normal curve
The extent to which a test yields CONSISTENT results.
Ex. Consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or retesting.
Reliability
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. (Achievement test - test sampling knowledge of the subject)
Content validity
The behavior (such as future college grades/success) that a test (such as the ACT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity. (34 should predict student getting A’s in college) what are the criteria of whether of not it is predicting future performance.
Criterion
The success with a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict - assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Aptitude test - predicts future performance)
Predictive validity
A condition of limited ability, indicted by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty to adapt to demands of life. Mild to profound.
Mental retardation
A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in ones genetic makeup.
Down syndrome
A self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype
Stereotype threat
Viewing an abstract immaterial concept as if were a concrete thing. (IQ testing - saying intelligence is a thing/measured)
Reification
First person to define intelligence. G-Factor.
Charles Spearman
General mental ability - Charles Spearman - strengths in multiple areas
G-Factor
He rejected g-factor. Believed that subjects couldn’t be ranked on a single scale of general aptitude. Analysis revealed seven different mental abilities.
L. L. Thurstone
He supports Thurstone’s idea that intelligence comes in multiple forms. Gardner notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others. (8 multiple intelligences!)
Howard Gardner
Three intelligences instead of eight. Creative, practical, analytical.
Robert Sternberg
He devised first IQ test - identify mental age - predicting school achievement. He also supported nurture explanation for intelligence.
Alfred Binet
Stanford University Professor revised Binet’s test by establishing new age norms and extending the upper end of the test’s range from teens to superior adults. Called the Stanford-Binet test. Also supported Nature explanation of intelligence.
Lewis Terman
Intelligence test performance has been improving.
Flynn Effect
