Chapter 19 - Promoting Generalization

Question 1

Self-Management

Answer 1

When a person uses behavior modification to change his or her own behavior

Question 2

Programming for ____ increases the likelihood that the behavior change will occur in all relevant situations or circumstances in the person’s life

Answer 2

Generalization

Question 3

When the trainer is unable to reinforce occurrences of generalization and when there are no natural contingencies of reinforcement for the behavior, generalization may be promoted by modifying ____ in the relevant situations

Answer 3

Contingencies of reinforcement

Question 4

Different responses that achieve the same outcome (they serve the same function) are called _____ responses

Answer 4

Functionally equivalent

Question 5

If you teach parents to use self-instructions at home to prompt themselves to use the parenting skills that they learned in your parenting class, what generalization strategy are you on?

Answer 5

Self-generated mediators of generalization

Question 6

Train behaviors that will result in reinforcement in relevant situations in the natural environment. (strategy definition)

Answer 6

Train skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 7

Incorporate a wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training (strategy definition)

Answer 7

Utilize as many relevant stimulus situations as possible in training

Question 8

Reinforce the behaviors when it occurs in the natural environment (strategy definition)

Answer 8

Reinforce Instances of Generalization

Question 9

Use stimuli from the generalization environment in the training environment (strategy definition)

Answer 9

Incorporate common Stimuli

Question 10

Teach people in the natural environment to use reinforcement or punishment for the behavior (strategy definition)

Answer 10

Modify contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment

Question 11

Teach a variety of response that may all achieve the same outcome for the client (strategy definition)

Answer 11

Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 12

_____ is defined as the occurrence of the behavior in the presence of stimuli that are similar in some way to the Sd that was present during training

Answer 12

Generalization

Question 13

Desirable behavior will occur in all relevant situations outside the training situations if the behavior is ____ in those situations

Answer 13

Reinforced

Question 14

If the learner is trained to respond to a range of ____ ____ the behaviors is more likley to generalize to all relevant situations

Answer 14

Relevant Situations

Question 15

Teach a person to self-monitor each instance of nail-biting at home to prompt her to use the competing response strategy you taught her in the training session. What is this an example of?

Answer 15

Incorporate Self-generated mediators of generalization

Question 16

During social skills training with a shy teenager, have a couple of classmates come to the training session so the teenager can practice the skills with them. What is this an example of?

Answer 16

Incorporate common stimuli

Question 17

After teaching a first grader to raise her hand before speaking in class, teach the first grade teacher to provide praise when the student raises her hand before speaking. What is this an example of?

Answer 17

Reinforce instances of generalization

Question 18

When teaching a person with intellectual disability how to use vending machines, teach her all the different ways to make a selection from a vending machine. What is this an example of?

Answer 18

Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 19

When teaching assertiveness skills to a person who often says “yes” to unreasonable requests as many unreasonable requests as possible and have her respond assertively during training. What is this an example of?

Answer 19

Incorporate a wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training

Question 20

In behavior modification, ___ is defined as the occurrence of the behavior in the presence of all relevant stimuli outside of training

Answer 20

Generalization

Question 21

One way to promote generalization is to ____ the behavior when generalization occurs

Answer 21

Reinforce

Question 22

In the technique of incorporating common stimuli, stimuli from the ____ environment are incorporated into the training situation to promote generalization

Answer 22

Natural/Target

Question 23

General case programming is defined as using multiple training examples that sample the range of ______ and ______

Answer 23

Relevant stimulus situations and response variation

Question 24

What generalization strategy is being used when a trainer teaches the learner a number of different ways to make a correct response?

Answer 24

Teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 25

In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor asks the one parent to praise the other when he or she uses the parenting skills correctly at home. What is this an example of?

Answer 25

Modify contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment

Question 26

In an attempt to get his parents to use the parenting skills they learned in parent training class, the instructor teaches the parent a simple self-instruction to use at home to prompt the correct use of the parenting skills. What is this an example of?

Answer 26

Reinforce instances of generalization

Question 27

In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor teaches the parents skills to which their children will naturally respond favorably. What is this an example of?

Answer 27

Train skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 28

In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor has the parents bring their children to the session and practice the skills with their children in the session. What is this an example of?

Answer 28

Incorporate common stimuli

Question 29

Stimulus Exemplars

Answer 29

The learner is trained to respond correctly to a range of relevant stimulus situations, then the behavior is more likely to generalize to all relevant stimulus situations