Chapter 19 - Promoting Generalization Flashcards
Self-Management
When a person uses behavior modification to change his or her own behavior
Programming for ____ increases the likelihood that the behavior change will occur in all relevant situations or circumstances in the person’s life
Generalization
When the trainer is unable to reinforce occurrences of generalization and when there are no natural contingencies of reinforcement for the behavior, generalization may be promoted by modifying ____ in the relevant situations
Contingencies of reinforcement
Different responses that achieve the same outcome (they serve the same function) are called _____ responses
Functionally equivalent
If you teach parents to use self-instructions at home to prompt themselves to use the parenting skills that they learned in your parenting class, what generalization strategy are you on?
Self-generated mediators of generalization
Train behaviors that will result in reinforcement in relevant situations in the natural environment. (strategy definition)
Train skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
Incorporate a wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training (strategy definition)
Utilize as many relevant stimulus situations as possible in training
Reinforce the behaviors when it occurs in the natural environment (strategy definition)
Reinforce Instances of Generalization
Use stimuli from the generalization environment in the training environment (strategy definition)
Incorporate common Stimuli
Teach people in the natural environment to use reinforcement or punishment for the behavior (strategy definition)
Modify contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment
Teach a variety of response that may all achieve the same outcome for the client (strategy definition)
Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses
_____ is defined as the occurrence of the behavior in the presence of stimuli that are similar in some way to the Sd that was present during training
Generalization
Desirable behavior will occur in all relevant situations outside the training situations if the behavior is ____ in those situations
Reinforced
If the learner is trained to respond to a range of ____ ____ the behaviors is more likley to generalize to all relevant situations
Relevant Situations
Teach a person to self-monitor each instance of nail-biting at home to prompt her to use the competing response strategy you taught her in the training session. What is this an example of?
Incorporate Self-generated mediators of generalization
During social skills training with a shy teenager, have a couple of classmates come to the training session so the teenager can practice the skills with them. What is this an example of?
Incorporate common stimuli
After teaching a first grader to raise her hand before speaking in class, teach the first grade teacher to provide praise when the student raises her hand before speaking. What is this an example of?
Reinforce instances of generalization
When teaching a person with intellectual disability how to use vending machines, teach her all the different ways to make a selection from a vending machine. What is this an example of?
Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses
When teaching assertiveness skills to a person who often says “yes” to unreasonable requests as many unreasonable requests as possible and have her respond assertively during training. What is this an example of?
Incorporate a wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training
In behavior modification, ___ is defined as the occurrence of the behavior in the presence of all relevant stimuli outside of training
Generalization
One way to promote generalization is to ____ the behavior when generalization occurs
Reinforce
In the technique of incorporating common stimuli, stimuli from the ____ environment are incorporated into the training situation to promote generalization
Natural/Target
General case programming is defined as using multiple training examples that sample the range of ______ and ______
Relevant stimulus situations and response variation
What generalization strategy is being used when a trainer teaches the learner a number of different ways to make a correct response?
Teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor asks the one parent to praise the other when he or she uses the parenting skills correctly at home. What is this an example of?
Modify contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment
In an attempt to get his parents to use the parenting skills they learned in parent training class, the instructor teaches the parent a simple self-instruction to use at home to prompt the correct use of the parenting skills. What is this an example of?
Reinforce instances of generalization
In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor teaches the parents skills to which their children will naturally respond favorably. What is this an example of?
Train skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
In an attempt to get parents to use the parenting skills they learned in a parent training class, the instructor has the parents bring their children to the session and practice the skills with their children in the session. What is this an example of?
Incorporate common stimuli
Stimulus Exemplars
The learner is trained to respond correctly to a range of relevant stimulus situations, then the behavior is more likely to generalize to all relevant stimulus situations
