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Behavioral Principles of Psychology > Chapter 15 - Differential Reinforcement > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Differential Reinforcement Flashcards

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1
Q

______ is a procedure in which reinforcement is used to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior, and extinction is used to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors

A

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors)

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2
Q

Identify two different ways to identify reinforcers to use in a differential reinforcement procedure

A

Ask Preference and Observe Choices

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3
Q

When using DRA, you will use continuous reinforcement initially and then use _____ to maintain the behavior

A

Intermittent

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4
Q

______ is procedure in which you provide a reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior

A

DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors)

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5
Q

What does DRO stand for?

A

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

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6
Q

What does DRA stand for?

A

Differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors

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7
Q

What do you reinforce in a DRL procedure

A

Low rate of response

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8
Q

A reinforcer is delivered at the end of 30 seconds if the behavior did not occur in the interval. What is this an example of?

A

Differential reinforcement of other behavior

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9
Q

A reinforcer is delivered if the behavior occurred fewer than 5 times in the class period What is this an example of?

A

Full Session Differential Reinforcement of low rates of responding

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10
Q

A reinforcer is delivered if the behavior occurred at least 30 seconds after the last instance of behavior What is this an example of?

A

Space responding DRL

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11
Q

What two behavioral principles are involved in DRA?

A

Reinforcement and extinction

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12
Q

______ is an appropriate procedure to use when you want to increase the rate of a desirable behavior, the behavior is occurring at least occasionally, and you have access to an effective reinforcer

A

DRA

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13
Q

In the ____ procedure, when the problem behavior occurs, you do not provide the reinforcer and instead reset the interval for reinforcement

A

DRO

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14
Q

In _____ DRO, the reinforcer is delivered if the problem behavior was absent for the entire interval

A

Whole Interval

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15
Q

In ____ DRL, the reinforcer is delivered when fewer than a specified number of responses occur

A

Full Session

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16
Q

In ____ DRL, the reinforcer is delivered when response occurs a specific amount of time after the previous response

A

Space Responding

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17
Q

When Nelly raised her hand at least 10 minutes after the last time she raised her hand, her teacher called on her. What is this an example of?

A

DRL

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18
Q

When Nelly went 10 minutes without talking out in class, her teacher praised her. What is this an example of?

A

DRO

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19
Q

When Nelly asked her classmate for the scissors instead of grabbing the scissors from her classmate’s hand, her teacher praised her. What is this an example of?

A

DRA

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20
Q

Which differential reinforcement procedure was used when the staff reinforced Mrs. Williams’ positive talk and ignored her complaining?

A

DRA

21
Q

In differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior (DNRA), what is the reinforcer for the desirable behavior

A

Escaping the tasks

22
Q

In an attempt to decrease Jenny’s hair pulling, each time Jenny holds her hands in her lap, her parents praise her. What is this an example of?

A

DRI

23
Q

Jenny engages in disruptive behavior in an attempt to get out of doing her homework. In an attempt to decrease Jenny’s disruptive behavior, each time Jenny asks for assistance instead of engaging disruptive behavior, her parents help her with her homework. What is this an example of?

A

Functional communication training

24
Q

In the DRO procedure, the reinforcer is contingent on ____?

A

The absence of the problem behavior

25
Q

When the baseline rate of the problem is high, the DRO interval will be _____ and when the baseline rate of the problem behavior is low, the DRO interval will be _____

A

Shorter, longer

26
Q

In DRO, what do you do each time the problem behavior occurs? _____ and ____

A

Reinforcer is withheld, reset the interval

27
Q

Staff provided a reinforcer when Pete went 2 minutes without cursing. What is this an example of?

A

DRO

28
Q

Staff provided a reinforcer each time Pete used the word “fudge” instead of a curse word. What is this an example of?

A

DRA

29
Q

Staff provided a reinforcer when Pete cursed fewer than two times each evening. What is this an example of?

A

DRL

30
Q

Preference Assessment

A

Try out a variety of differential stimuli and see which ones the person prefers

31
Q

Reinforcer Assessment

A

Determine that the item did in fact function as a reinforcer, you would deliver it contingent on a behavior and show that the behavior increased

32
Q

Single Stimulus Assessment

A

Each potential reinforcer is presented, one at a time, to see whether the individual approaches the stimulus or not

33
Q

Paired Stimulus Assessment

A

Two potential reinforcers are presented to the individual and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches

34
Q

Multiple Stimulus Assessment

A

An array of potential reinforcers is presented to the individual and the researcher records which potential reinforcer the individual approaches or chooses first

35
Q

Multiple Stimulus Assessment Without replacement

A

Another technique to assess reinforcers is to make each potential reinforcer contingent on an operant response. If the frequency or duration of the response increases when a stimulus is contingent on the response, you have demonstrated that the stimulus is a reinforcer

36
Q

Differential Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior (DRI)

A

The alternative behavior is physically incompatible with the problem behavior and therefore, the two behaviors cannot occur at the same time

37
Q

Differential reinforcement of communication (DRC)

A
  • functional communication training
  • The individual with the problem behavior learns to make a communication response that is functionally equivalent to the problem behavior. When the communication produces the same reinforcing outcome as the problem behavior, there is no longer any reason for the problem behavior to occur
38
Q

Differential reinforcement of other behavior

A

The reinforcer is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior. This means that the reinforcer is no longer delivered after the problem behavior (extinction) but the reinforcer is delivered after an interval of time in which the problem behavior does not occur

39
Q

Whole-Interval DRO

A

The problem behavior must be absent for the entire duration of the interval for the reinforcer to be delivered

40
Q

Momentary DRO

A

The problem behavior must be absent at the end of the interval for the reinforcer to be delivered

41
Q

Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding

A

a reinforcer is delivered contingent on a lower rate of responding during a period of time

42
Q

In the DRL procedure you ____ reinforce the absence of the behavior, as in the DRO procedure; rather, you ____ a lower rate of the problem behavior

A

Do not, reinforce

43
Q

Full-session DRL

A

Reinforcement is delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur in a period of time

44
Q

Spaced-responding DRL

A

There must be a specified amount of time between responses for the reinforcer to be delivered. The objective is to pace the behavior

45
Q

Interval DRL

A

Involves dividing a session into intervals and providing the reinforcer if no more than one response occurred in each interval

46
Q

Stereotypic Behavior

A

Repetitive behavior that does not serve any social function for the person

47
Q

Self-stimulatory behaviors

A

They produce some form of sensory stimulation for the person

48
Q

Interresponse time (IRT)

A

Time between responses

49
Q

In ____ DRO the reinforcer was delivered if the problem behavior was absent at the end of the interval

A

Momentary

Behavioral Principles of Psychology (19 decks)

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