Chapter 1 - Behavior Modification Flashcards
What is another name for behavior modification?
Applied behavior analysis
Characteristics of behavior
- actions not labels
- Involves physical dimensions
- Can be observed, described and recorded
- Has an impact on the environment (physical or social surroundings)
- Behavior is lawful (observed, predicted, identified and changed)
- May be overt or covert
Behavior
What people say and do
Frequency
Counting the number of times a behavior occurs
Duration
Time from when an instance of the behavior starts until it stops
Intensity
The physical force involved in the behavior
Latency
Speed of behavior from some event to the start of a behavior
Dimensions of Behavior
- Frequency
- Duration
- Intensity
- Latency
Overt
External, can be seen, hear or observed.
Covert
Internal to individual, cannot be observed
4 principles of behavior
- Extinction
- Stimulus Control
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
Functional relationship between environment and behavior
- environment influences behavior
- behavior influences environment
- behavior has an impact on environment physically and socially
Behaviors can be…
observed, described and recorded by others or by the person engaging in the behavior
What does it mean by behavior is lawful
its occurrence is systematically influenced by environmental events
Basic behavioral principles
describe the functional relationships between our behavior and environmental events. These principles describe how our behavior is influenced by, or occurs as a function of, environmental events.
Analyzing
Identifying the functional relationship between environmental events and a particular behavior to understand the reasons for the behavior or to determine why a person behaved as he or she did
Modifying
Developing and implementing procedures to help people change their behavior
Focus on behavior
designed to change behavior, not a personal characteristic or trait
Target behavior
the behavior to be modified
Behavioral excess
an undesirable target behavior the person wants to decrease in frequency, duration and intensity
Behavioral deficit
a desirable target behavior the person wants to increase in frequency, duration and intensity
Applied Behavior Analysis
the scientific study of human behavior to help people change behavior in a meaningful way
Human behavior
Controlled by events in the immediate environment, and the goal of behavior modification is to identify those events
Ivan P. Pavlov
Conducted experiments that uncovered the basic processes of respondent conditioning
Edward L. Thorndike
States that a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment is more likely to be repeated in the future
John B. Watson
Asserted that observable behavior was the proper subject matter of psychology and that all behavior was controlled by environmental events
B. F. Skinner
- Expanded the field of behaviorism originally described by Watson. The distinction between respondent conditioning and operant conditioning, in which the consequence of behavior controls the future occurrence of the behavior
- wrote books about applying the principles of behavior analysis to human behavior
Rehabilitation
the process of helping people regain normal function after an injury or trauma, such as head injury from an accident or brain damage from a stroke
Community Psychology
Behavioral interventions are designed to influence the behavior of large numbers of people in ways that benefit everybody
Clinical Psychology
Psychological principles and procedures are applied to help people with personal problems
Self-Management
Procedures to control personal habits, health-related behaviors, professional behaviors and personal problems
Child Behavior Management
help children overcome bed-wetting, nail-bitting, temper tantrums, noncompliance, aggressive behaviors, bad manners, stuttering and other common problems
Prevention
preventing child abuse, abduction, accidents in the home, poisoning, infections and STD’s
Behavior modification is used to
- result in better athletic performance than do traditional coaching procedures
- improve work performance and job safety to decrease tardiness, absenteeism, and accidents on the job
- promote compliance with rehabilitation routines and teach new skills
- manage behaviors of oneself
- promote health-related behaviors by increasing healthy lifestyle behaviors and decrease unhealthy lifestyle behaviors
- decrease occurrence of undesirable behaviors and increase the occurrence of desirable behaviors that are not occurring frequently enough
Behavior Analyst Certification Board
established to provide certification for individuals to practice behavior analysis as a profession
A -> B -> C->
Antecedent leads to behavior leads to consequence
Common misconception of behavior modification
- relies on punishment
- uses bribes
- simplistic
- ignores the “real causes” of behavior
- just treats the symptoms
- leads to people controlling each other
- ruins “intrinsic motivation”
- makes people dependent on external incentives
- dehumanizes people
- only works with kids and disabled people
Participant
present in room of study
Non-participant
someone who observes by live recording or makes an observation through video/audio recordings
Natural Setting
part of the participants daily life
Analogue
Created for the participant to be observed in (its not part of their daily routine/life)
