Chapter 18 Part III Flashcards
with evaluation of breast lumps, 40% are ______ and considered MC
fibrocystic changes
fibrocystic changes are ______ finding with _____ cycle
normal
hormonal
fibrocystic changes are MC ________ and reproductive-age for females
premonopausal
MC fibrocystic changes
nonproliferative fibrocystic changes
NO extra layer of cells; BENIGN, increase in fibrotic storm, dilation of ducts, multiple/bilateral cysts
nonproliferative fibrocystic changes
epithelial hyperplasia –> ADDITIONAL CELL LAYER within ducts & lobules
proliferative fibrocystic changes
type of inflammation on breast –
chalky, white mass
fat necrosis
type of inflammation on breast –
early nursing, STAPH AUREUS is MC via ducts, solitary or multple
acute mastitis
type of inflammation on breast –
ductal dehydration, MC ages 40-60; nonbacterial, chronic inflammation
mammary duct ectasia
tumors of the breast are MC ______ cells
epithelial cells
MC benign breast tumor that is MC from females 20-30 y.o.
fibroadenoma
aggressive tumor of breast that is MC benign, can be malignant, metastasize late, good prognosis “leaflike projections”
phyllodes tumor
breast cancer is about ____K/year, and ___K are lethal (approx 20%)
200k/year
40k
(3) influences on breast cancer
hormonal
genetic
environmental
breast cancer is most prevalent in ________ quadrant (50%)
superolateral
there is penetration into basement membrane when it is ____
invasive
(2) specific type of non-invasive breast cancer
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
mixed, possible necrosis or calcification, rarely palpable (screening), great prognosis = 97% survival
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
treatment for DCIS is _______, possible radiation therapy
untreated: 1/3 –> invasive CA
mastectomy
uniform cells, mucin vacuoles, rarely calcific = more difficult to detect; untreated 1/3 –> invasive CA
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
treatment for LCIS is _______ or bilateral _______
chemotherapy
bilateral mastectomy
lymphatic metastasis (dimpling of skin, nipple inversion) is called
lymphedema
70-80% of invasive breast cancers fall under this category; develops from ____, firm/palpable mass, irregular borders
invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS
cells identical to LCIS, from _____, e-cadherin, palpable mass or occult, MULTIPLE
invasive lobular carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma metastasizes to ____, GI, marrow and ______
CSF
uterus
less than 1% of invasive breast cancer
BRCA1
anaplastic
triple negative
medullary carcinoma
approx 10% of all invasive breast cancer that is
tubular carcinoma
general features of invasive breast cancer – detected via _____: SOLITARY & painless, mobile or affixed, ____ cm, ___% metastasis
palpation
2-3 cm
50% metastasis
breast cancer MC metasatasis to _______
lymphatics (may also be hematogenous)
______ determines where breast cancer is most likely to metastasize; LATERAL & CENTAL: ___________ ; MEDIAL: _________
location
axillary nodes
internal mammary arteries
anaplasia, invasion, increasing size and distant metastasis lead to _____ prognosis for breast cancer
poorer
estrogen receptors lead to ____ prognosis for invasive breast cancer
better
bilateral breast enlargement in males, common during puberty – 70%
gynecomastia
aprox 2000 cases/year, rapidly invades THORAX, MC in elderly, 50% metastasis at diagnosis
male breast carcinoma
increase CT
ductal hyperplasia
rare: lobule formation
subareolar swelling; button-like
gynecomastia
