Chapter 11 Part V Flashcards
lymphoid neoplasm with B cells in follicular (nodular) pattern that have lymphocytes with cleaved nuclei called _____
follicular lymphoma
centrocytes
85% of all follicular lymphoma have _____ mutation and marrow is MC involved; and onset is usually > ____ y.o.
t(14,18) on (BCL2 gene)
50
tumor that constitutes 40% of all adult non-hodgkin’s lymphoma is called ______ and 40% transition into _____ which is more aggressive
follicular lymphoma
diffuse B cell lymphoma
rare type of lymphoid neoplasm that arises from B cells and has dysfunctional cyclins that activate cell cycles, it is AGGRESSIVE and incurable; MC diagnosis in late stages
mantle cell lymphoma
MC lymphoma of adulthood that progressive from CLL
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma is 50% of all _______ and avg diagnosis is at ___ y.o.
non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
60 y.o.
diffuse large B cell lymphoma commonly presents outside of ______ in the spleen, marrow, _____ or brain and may metastasize to any organ; treatment is ____ and without treatment is fatal; 80% enter remission with treatment
nodes
GI tract
chemotherapy
burkitt lymphoma MC affects _____ usually in Africa and involves ______ characteristics, creates _____ pattern
one of FASTEST growing human neoplasms
kids/young adults
facial (mandible/maxilla)
starry sky
MC plasma cell CA that is usually diagnosed around age _____; _______ lesions: “punched out”
multiple myeloma
70
osteolytic
_______ proteins found in urine in multiple myeloma; ______ on protein electrophoresis
incurable
bence-jones proteins
M-spike
MC site of lytic lesion is ________ (66%), then ribs (44%), 3rd is ________ (41%)
vertebral column
calvarium
it is common to confuse multiple myeloma with _______ on x-ray
hyperparathyroidism
B cell lymphoma that has REED-STERNBERG cells as hallmark feature, with includes _______ appearance, arises from ____ node and has predictable metastasis; includes night sweats and painless lymphadenopathy
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
owl-eye
single
lymphoma that is idiopathic, risk is male age 15-40 and > 55 y.o.
exposure to AGENT ORANGE
Hodgkin lymphoma
myeloid neoplams MC affect ______ and arises from _______ stem cells
adults
hematopoietic
3 categories of myeloid neoplasms
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
myelodysplastic syndromes
chronic myeloproliferative disorders
myeloid neoplasms that is an aggressive leukemia and resembles ALL, immature myeloblasts accumulate and displace marrow > 20%; suppresses hematopoiesis; MARROW FAILURE
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
acute myeloid leukemia is diagnosed at _____ y.o. and has a _____ prognosis
60 y.o.
poor
formerly known as pre-leukemia
myelodysplastic syndromes
myeloid neoplasms that is MC diagnosed at 50-70 y.o., marrow FILLS with myeloblasts; 40% transform into AML
myelodysplastic syndromes
myelodysplastic syndromes have ____ prognosis, and poor response to treatment, median survival is ____ years
poor
1-2
group of indolent tumors, hyper plastic myeloid progenitors – proliferating EXTENSIVELY in marrow, disproportionate RBC’s that spreads to other organs
chronic myeloproliferative disorders
3 categories of chronic myeloproliferative disorders
chronic myelogenous leukemia
polycythemia vera
primary myelofibrosis
20% of all leukemia diagnoses; adults 30-50 y.o.
MC INCREASE granulocytes and megakaryocytic
leukocytosis > 100,000 cell/uL
chronic myelogenous leukemia
category of chronic myeloproliferative disorders with features:slowly progressive, fatigue, EXTREME splenomegaly
chronic myelogenous leukemia
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome involved in 95% of cases of _______; specific gene is t(9;22)
chronic myelogenous leukemia
in chronic myelogenous leukemia, __% enter accelerated phase with failure to respond to treatment, called “ _______” or “blast crisis” = prognosis is ____ years
marrow treatment is ___% curative
50%
spent phase
3 years
70%
MC type of RBC cancer; too many RBCs, WBCs, and platelets; diagnoses is usually 60 y.o.
polycythemia vera
point mutation in polycythemia vera
JAK2
diagnosis for polycythemia vera is done by _____ + _______
polycythemia (increase RBC) + erythropoietin (EPO)
bone marrow is ______ in polycythemia vera, multiple organ _______ –> infarction; dysfunctional platelets, prognosis with treatment is ____ years, but without treatment is _____ years
hypercellular
congestion
10-20 years
3 years
chronic myeloproliferative disorder that has an EARLY “spent phase” and diffuse marrow fibrosis; massive splenomegaly; disordered hematopoiesis; usually diagnosed in LATE stages
primary myelofibrosis
peripheral smears with primary myelofibrosis show ___ & ______ shaped cells
poikilocytes
darcocytes
excessive proliferation of phagocytic stem cells that can be benign or malignant
histiocytic neoplasms
with histiocytic neoplasms, langherhans cells are in the _______ and have a tennis-racket appearance called ________ ; the cells can either be a ____ or ______
epidermis
birbeck granules
unisystem or multisystem
Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis is MC in kids
2 y.o.
males
skin
osteolytic
