Chapter 11 Part IV Flashcards
increase concentration of RBCs, usually due to increase in hemoglobin
polycythemia
_____ polycythemia is derived from DEHYDRATION; vomiting, diarrhea, burns or diuretics
relative
_____ polycythemia is from increase in total RBC mass
absolute
polycythemia in which proliferation of myeloid stem cells; clonal, neoplastic –> cancer, NO increase in EPO
primary absolute polycythemia
polycythemia in which excessive proliferation stems from elevated levels of erythropoietin
secondary absolute polycythemia
____ represent 1% of total blood volume and are produced in MARROW, STEM CELLS
leukocytes (WBC)
WBCs lifespan is ___
4 days
increase in WBC; can be caused by inflammation/infxn, leukemia, lymphoma
leukocytosis
decrease in WBCs; can be caused by AIDS, corticosteroids
leukopenia
MC type of granulocyte
neutrophil
(2) categories of leukocytes
granulocytes
agranulocytes
granulocyte that arrives first is _____, 5-lobes, then _____ arrive, last type of granulocyte to arrive is _______
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
granulocyte that prevents excessive clots (heparin)
basophil
granulocyte that is used for allergies, parasites and has 2 lobes
eosinophil
agranulocyte that turns into macrophage
monocyte
granulocyte that is present in tumors, nuclei occupies most of cell
lymphocyte (T cells, B cells, NK cells)
(2) categories of disorders of leukocytes
reactive
neoplastic
category of leukocyte disorder that is a response to an underlying disease MICROBIAL INFXN is MC
reactive
____ aka non-neoplastic disorders of WBCs
reactive
category of leukocyte disorder that is ominous, 9% of adult CA-related death, 40% of childhood CA-related death
neoplastic
non-neoplastic disorder of WBC that is a reduction in granulocytes (neutrophils) is called _______; when really severe, it is called ______
neutropenia
agranulocytosis
neutropenia can either be categorized as DECREASED _____ or INCREASED ____
decreased production
increased destruction
symptoms include bone marrow failure, metastasis, infix, autoimmune injury, granulomas, ADRs, chemotherapy
infection risk- bacterial or fungal
neutropenia
non-neoplastic disorder that caused by EBV, (HHV-4)
infectious mononucleus
symptoms of mono
pharyngitis fever generalized lymphadenitis splenomegaly hepatitis
reactive lymphocytosis is ________ cells/uL in mono
12,000-18,000
in _____ countries, mono infxn occurs in CHILDHOOD and is MC _______
developing
asymptomatic
in _____ countries, mono infxn is delayed until ______ and is MC _______
adolescence
symptomatic
__% of people exposed to MONO succumb to infxn; 20-50% carriers shed the virus, MC with _____
50%
saliva
non-neoplastic disorder that is an increase in the number of WBCs in the blood that common in a variety of inflammatory states caused by microbial and nonmicrobial stimuli
reactive lymphadenitis
MC bacterial infix classified as a reactive lymphadenitis
cat-scratch disease
bacterial infxn in cat scratch disease is _______; 90% affect _____ in the ___ or _____ area
bartonella henselae
kids
cervical
axillary
non-hodgkin lymphomas
Hodgkin lymphomas
Plasma cell neoplasia
lymphoid neoplasms
acute myelogenous leukemia
myelodysplastic syndromes
chronic myeloproliferative disorders
myeloid neoplasms
macrophages and dendritic cells
histiocytic neoplasms
cancer that develops from _____ neoplasms arise from SINGLE CELL aka _____
lymphoid
clonal
lymphoid neoplasm that involves marrow or blood
leukemia
lymphoid neoplasm that involves lymphatic tissues
lymphoma
marrow suppression, anemia are the MC symptoms for this leukemia that is a sudden/stormy onset
acute leukemia
only type of leukemia that involves B cells and T cells and is the MC type of cancer found in KIDS
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia is MC diagnosed at age ____ and accounts for ____% of all pediatric CA; _____ cell tumors are MC in the marrow/peripheral blood
4 y.o
80%
pre b-cell
____ cell tumors develop in thymus in ALL and ____ cell tumors develop in marrow/peripheral (MC)
pre-T cell
pre-B cell
MC cancer of adulthood that develops from B cells and is initially asymptomatic with gradual progression
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia involves _______ lymphocytes and involves _____, which differentiates it from _______, which has ______ lymphocytes and involves NODES
> 4000
blood
small lymphocytic lymphoma
in CLL, tumor cells displace marrow called _______; there is immune dysregulation: suppressed B cells and if aggressive progression, it resembles ________
pancytopenia
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
immunoglobulin function is usually problematic with CLL, which is called
hypogammaglobulinemia
