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Systems Path Exam II > Chapter 11 Part III (QUIZ cont.) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Part III (QUIZ cont.) Flashcards

1
Q

MC locations of malaria

A

asia

africa

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2
Q

malaria is a _____ infection; the most important species of infection is ______

A

protozoan

plasmodium falciparum

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3
Q

all forms of malaria are transmitted by ____ ANOPHELES ______ and ___ are the sole reservoir

A

female anopheles mosquito

humans

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4
Q

mosquito feeds on human blood –> infects ___ cells –> multiplies in ______ –> ____ attack RBC

A

liver cells
blood
merozoites

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5
Q

showers of merozoites are released ____ hours after infection

A

48 hours

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6
Q

increase in hemoglobin in urine due to falciparum malaria is called

A

blackwater fever

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7
Q

features of malaria

A 
episodic shaking
chills & fever (shower)
vomiting
sweating
hemoglobinuria
renal failure
jaundice
splenomegaly
headache
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8
Q

CNS involvement, seizures, convulsions, coma/death

may be lethal within days

A

cerebral malaria

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9
Q

______ includes anemias that are caused by an inadequate dietary supply of nutrients, particularly iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

A

anemias of diminished erythropoiesis

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10
Q

____ deficiency is MC cause of anemia ad MC nutritional deficiency

A

iron deficiency

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11
Q

80% of iron is store in ______ in liver, spleen, marrow, skeletal muscle

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

iron is transported via ______ and regulated by _______

A

transferrin (serum ferritin)

dietary absorption

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13
Q

reduced iron stores –> depletion of _____ –> reduced ______ –> ANEMIA

A

serum ferritin

hemoglobin synthesis

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14
Q

cells appear ____ & _____ with iron deficiency anemia

A

microcytic

hypochromic

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15
Q

poor bioavailability with DECREASE dietary intake is MC in _______ ; CHRONIC blood loss is MC in ______

A

developing nations

developed nations

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16
Q

sources of chronic blood loss is ___ & _____

A 
GI tract (ulcers, colon CA, hemorrhoids, celiac, UC)
female genital tract
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17
Q

iron deficiency anemia is MC _____ or mild; symptoms include _____, pale skin, lack of energy, _____ cognition, ___ immunity – treatment is _______

A 
asymptomatic
fatigue
impaired
decreased
iron supplementation
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18
Q

megaloblastic anemia is a deficiency of what 2 things

A 
folate (folic acid, B9)
vit B12 (cobalamin)
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19
Q

deficiencies of folate and vit B12 produce

A

megaloblasts

20
Q

macrocytes appear ____ & _____

A

macrocytic

hyperchromic

21
Q 
decrease RBC (anemia)
decrease WBCs (leukopenia)
decrease platelets (thrombocytopenia)
A

pancytopenia

22
Q

diminished erythropoiesis that is rare and caused by poor diet, and increased metabolism especially in elderly, pregnant, alcoholism, celiac

A

folate deficiency anemia

23
Q

folic acid is denatured _____ MINS after cooking

A

10-15 mins

24
Q

features of folate deficiency anemia

A

insidious
fatigue
weakness
sore tongue

25
Q

diagnosis of folate deficiency anemia is by _____ in peripheral blood, decrease serum folate & normal _______

A

macrocytes

vit B12

26
Q

AKA pernicious anemia

A

vit B12 deficiency anemia

27
Q

vit important for DNA synthesis and maintenance of PNS and spinal cord

A

vit B12

28
Q

MC cause of b12 deficiency is ____; gastric mucosal atrophy and MC in _____

A

chronic malabsorption

elderly

29
Q

features of vit B12 deficiency

A 
fatigue
pale skin
weakness
neuropathy - CNS & PNS (symmetric)
numbness, tingling, burning
30
Q

diagnosis of vit B12 def anemia

A

decrease serum b12

normal folate

31
Q

_____ recovery is unlikely with vit B12 def anemia and increases risk of ____ carcinoma

A

neuropathy

gastric

32
Q

MC form of anemia in hospitalized patients

A

anemia of chronic diseases

33
Q

anemia of chronic diseases arises from _________

A

systemic inflammation (different than other anemia, which comes from decrease erythropoiesis)

34
Q

(3) chronic inflammatory disease that leads to anemia of chronic diseases

A

microbial infections
immune disorders
neoplasia

35
Q

features of anemia of chronic diseases (3)

A

decrease iron-binding capacity
increase storage in marrow
increase serum ferritin

36
Q

anemia that arises from suppression of myeloid stem cells that leads to BONE MARROW FAILURE
1/2 are idiopathic = WORSE PROGNOSIS

A

aplastic anemia

37
Q

the bone marrow in APLASTIC anemia is considered ______, with INCREASED _____

A

hypocellular

fat

38
Q

aplastic anemia has DECREASED in (3) things and is termed _____

A

decreased RBC, WBC, platelets

pancytopenia

39
Q

in cases of aplastic anemia that aren’t not idiopathic, the cause is ______ agents - ADRs, toxins or viral infxn

A

myelotoxic agents

40
Q

___ cells are important in aplastic anemia because they attack marrow

A

T cells

41
Q

features of aplastic anemia

A

anemia (weakness, pallor, dyspnea)
reticulocytopenia
thrombocytopenia (decrease platelets)
granulocytopenia (infection, fever, chills)

42
Q

one feature that differentiates aplastic anemia from myelophthisic anemia is that it does NOT cause ______

A

aplastic anemia does NOT cause splenomegaly

43
Q

treatment for aplastic anemia is _____ and ___% of people respond; transfusions or marrow transplants may be done

A

immunosuppressive meds

80%

44
Q

anemia that is caused by extensive infiltration of bone marrow

A

myelophthisic anemia

45
Q

myelophthisic anemia MC metastasizes to ____, most people have chronic _____ and thrombocytopenia

A

bone

granulomatous disease

46
Q

RBCs in myelophthisic anemia are ______ or ____ shaped

A

dacrocytes

teardrop

Systems Path Exam II (12 decks)

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