Chapter 17 Part I Flashcards
opening of urethra is on VENTRAL side of penis
MOST COMMON
hypospadias
opening of urethra is on dorsal side of penis
epispadias
inflammation of glans penis
balanitis
inflammation of prepuce
balanoposthitis
inability to retract prepuce (scarring)
secondary to inflammation of prepuce
phimosis
MC type of phimosis
acquired
MC CONGENITAL abnormality of male genitalia
hypospadias
entrapment of a retracted foreskin behind coronal sulcus
paraphimosis
95% of penile neoplasms are ________
squamous cell carcinoma
2 categories of penile neoplasms
SCC in situ
invasive SCC
category of penile neoplasm that is AKA bowen disease
SCC in situ
solitary neoplasm on shaft with more favorable prognosis (65% 5-year survival, 10% progress)
SCC in situ
neoplasm that is grey, crusted, raised lesion on the glans or prepuce
- hardening, ulceration and irregular margins
- LESS favorable prognosis
invasive SCC
(2) causes of inflammation of scrotum
fungal infxn
dermatoses
MC cause of scrotal enlargement that is INCREASE in serous fluid in TUNICA VAGINALIS
hydrocele
severe infectious enlargement of scrotal sac that is caused by filarioidea spp. (roundworms)
filariasis (elephantiasis)
failure of testicle to descend that normally occurs in last 2 months gestation
cryptorchidism
MC cause of cryptorchidism
idiopathic
if unresolved, cryptorchidism will lead to testicular _____ by 5-6 y.o. –> ______
atrophy
sterility
cryptorchidism has increased risk of testicular CA by ____%
3-5 %
inflammation of epididymis, MC unilateral
epididymitis
inflammation of testis
orchitis
orchitis usually begins as a _____ and spreads vis vas deferens or lymphatics
UTI
infxn may lead to orchitis, mainly _____ virus –> 20% orchitis or ____
mumps
TB - caseous granulomas
spermatic cord twisting that obstructs venous drainage with engorgement and acute pain
testicular torsion
MC age for testicular torsion is _____ and called a _______ deformity
12-18 y.o.
bell-clapper deformity
when testicle is NOT adhered to scrotum and testicle is much more mobile
bell-clapper deformity
(2) demographics for testicular torsion
adult = MC
neonatal
if testicular torsion isn’t addressed within ____ hours, it will cause _____
6 hours
sterility
enlargement of pampiniform venous plexus in scrotum
varicocele
testicular neoplasia MC affects ______ y.o. and is the MC ______ in this group
15-34 y.o.
cancer
risks for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ include: cryptorchidism (10% of cases) family hx Caucasians CA in contralateral testicle gonodal dysgenesis or androgen sensitivity
testicular neoplasia
(2) categories of testicular neoplasia
sex-cord stromal tumors
germ cell tumors
benign testicular neoplasia from SERTOLI and LEYDIG cells
sex-cord stromal tumors
malignant testicular neoplasia that represents 95% of POSTPUBERTAL TESTICULAR TUMORS
germ cell tumors
______ are from INTRATUBULAR germ cell neoplasia (in situ)
germ cell tumors
(2) types of GCT
seminomas
nonseminomatous GCTs
type of nonseminomatous GCT that’s tumor marker has 90% of patients with elevated AFP
yolk sac tumor
type of nonseminomatous GCT that’s tumor marker has 100% of patients with elevated hCG
choriocarcinoma
50% of all GCTs are ______, usually occur btwn age ____ with favorable prognosis, 10% have increase in ____
seminomas
40-50
hCG
lesions are soft, WELL-DEMARCATED, gray/white and cells are large, UNIFORM, ROUND NUCLEI, lymphocytes
well-contained, RADIOSENSITIVE
seminomas
2 most aggressive forms of nonseminomatous GCTs
embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
nonseminomatous GCTs that are invasive, anaplastic, indistinct cell borders, age 20-30, NO tumor marker
embryonal carcinoma
nonseminomatous GCT that is large, age 3, anapestic, AFP, favorable prognosis
yolk sac tumor
nonseminomatous GCT that is a small mass, age 20-30, increase hCG
choriocarcinoma
nonseminomatous GCT that is a firm mass, all 3 germ layers, all ages
teratoma
nonseminomatous GCTS met via ____ &_____ to the LIVER and LUNGS, _____ to be palpable
lymphatic & hematogenous
less likely
general features of testicular CA are that it is _______ mass, ______, blood in semen, dull ache
PAINLESS mass
non-transient (does NOT glow)
