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Systems Path Exam II > Chapter 17 Part I > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Part I Flashcards

1
Q

opening of urethra is on VENTRAL side of penis

MOST COMMON

A

hypospadias

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2
Q

opening of urethra is on dorsal side of penis

A

epispadias

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3
Q

inflammation of glans penis

A

balanitis

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4
Q

inflammation of prepuce

A

balanoposthitis

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5
Q

inability to retract prepuce (scarring)

secondary to inflammation of prepuce

A

phimosis

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6
Q

MC type of phimosis

A

acquired

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7
Q

MC CONGENITAL abnormality of male genitalia

A

hypospadias

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8
Q

entrapment of a retracted foreskin behind coronal sulcus

A

paraphimosis

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9
Q

95% of penile neoplasms are ________

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

2 categories of penile neoplasms

A

SCC in situ

invasive SCC

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11
Q

category of penile neoplasm that is AKA bowen disease

A

SCC in situ

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12
Q

solitary neoplasm on shaft with more favorable prognosis (65% 5-year survival, 10% progress)

A

SCC in situ

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13
Q

neoplasm that is grey, crusted, raised lesion on the glans or prepuce

  • hardening, ulceration and irregular margins
  • LESS favorable prognosis
A

invasive SCC

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14
Q

(2) causes of inflammation of scrotum

A

fungal infxn

dermatoses

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15
Q

MC cause of scrotal enlargement that is INCREASE in serous fluid in TUNICA VAGINALIS

A

hydrocele

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16
Q

severe infectious enlargement of scrotal sac that is caused by filarioidea spp. (roundworms)

A

filariasis (elephantiasis)

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17
Q

failure of testicle to descend that normally occurs in last 2 months gestation

A

cryptorchidism

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18
Q

MC cause of cryptorchidism

A

idiopathic

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19
Q

if unresolved, cryptorchidism will lead to testicular _____ by 5-6 y.o. –> ______

A

atrophy

sterility

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20
Q

cryptorchidism has increased risk of testicular CA by ____%

A

3-5 %

21
Q

inflammation of epididymis, MC unilateral

A

epididymitis

22
Q

inflammation of testis

A

orchitis

23
Q

orchitis usually begins as a _____ and spreads vis vas deferens or lymphatics

A

UTI

24
Q

infxn may lead to orchitis, mainly _____ virus –> 20% orchitis or ____

A

mumps

TB - caseous granulomas

25
Q

spermatic cord twisting that obstructs venous drainage with engorgement and acute pain

A

testicular torsion

26
Q

MC age for testicular torsion is _____ and called a _______ deformity

A

12-18 y.o.

bell-clapper deformity

27
Q

when testicle is NOT adhered to scrotum and testicle is much more mobile

A

bell-clapper deformity

28
Q

(2) demographics for testicular torsion

A

adult = MC

neonatal

29
Q

if testicular torsion isn’t addressed within ____ hours, it will cause _____

A

6 hours

sterility

30
Q

enlargement of pampiniform venous plexus in scrotum

A

varicocele

31
Q

testicular neoplasia MC affects ______ y.o. and is the MC ______ in this group

A

15-34 y.o.

cancer

32
Q 
risks for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ include:
cryptorchidism (10% of cases)
family hx
Caucasians
CA in contralateral testicle
gonodal dysgenesis or androgen sensitivity
A

testicular neoplasia

33
Q

(2) categories of testicular neoplasia

A

sex-cord stromal tumors

germ cell tumors

34
Q

benign testicular neoplasia from SERTOLI and LEYDIG cells

A

sex-cord stromal tumors

35
Q

malignant testicular neoplasia that represents 95% of POSTPUBERTAL TESTICULAR TUMORS

A

germ cell tumors

36
Q

______ are from INTRATUBULAR germ cell neoplasia (in situ)

A

germ cell tumors

37
Q

(2) types of GCT

A

seminomas

nonseminomatous GCTs

38
Q

type of nonseminomatous GCT that’s tumor marker has 90% of patients with elevated AFP

A

yolk sac tumor

39
Q

type of nonseminomatous GCT that’s tumor marker has 100% of patients with elevated hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

40
Q

50% of all GCTs are ______, usually occur btwn age ____ with favorable prognosis, 10% have increase in ____

A

seminomas
40-50
hCG

41
Q

lesions are soft, WELL-DEMARCATED, gray/white and cells are large, UNIFORM, ROUND NUCLEI, lymphocytes

well-contained, RADIOSENSITIVE

A

seminomas

42
Q

2 most aggressive forms of nonseminomatous GCTs

A

embryonal carcinoma

choriocarcinoma

43
Q

nonseminomatous GCTs that are invasive, anaplastic, indistinct cell borders, age 20-30, NO tumor marker

A

embryonal carcinoma

44
Q

nonseminomatous GCT that is large, age 3, anapestic, AFP, favorable prognosis

A

yolk sac tumor

45
Q

nonseminomatous GCT that is a small mass, age 20-30, increase hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

46
Q

nonseminomatous GCT that is a firm mass, all 3 germ layers, all ages

A

teratoma

47
Q

nonseminomatous GCTS met via ____ &_____ to the LIVER and LUNGS, _____ to be palpable

A

lymphatic & hematogenous

less likely

48
Q

general features of testicular CA are that it is _______ mass, ______, blood in semen, dull ache

A

PAINLESS mass

non-transient (does NOT glow)

Systems Path Exam II (12 decks)

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