Chapter 18 Part II Flashcards

1
Q

_____ may be normal, multiple, 1-4 cm filled with serous fluid that may enlarge –> rupture

A

ovarian cysts

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2
Q

multiple cystic follicles in which ovaries are 2x size and produce EXCESSIVE androgen

A

polycystic ovarian disease

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3
Q

8th MC cancer in US women and 5th MC cause of CA-related death

A

ovarian neoplasia

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4
Q

prolonged oral contraceptives _____ risk for ovarian neoplasia

A

DECREASES

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5
Q

90% of all ovarian CA are _____ tumors; can be benign or malignant, repeated ovulation/scarring –> metaplasia

A

surface epithelial tumors

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6
Q

surface epithelial tumors are usually _____ grade, ____ invasion

A

low grade

limited invasion

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7
Q

3 most important ovarian tumors

A

teratoma
serous tumors
endometrial tumors

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8
Q

teratomas usually occur ______ in life

A

early

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9
Q

MC type of surface epithelial tumor; ___ % are benign from ages 30-40; represents ___ % of ALL OVARIAN CA

A

serous tumors
60%
60%

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10
Q

95% of all serous tumors have _____ mutation

A

TP53

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11
Q

surface epithelial tumor associated with endometriosis & endometrial CA
*MC MALIGNANT**

A

endometrioid tumors

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12
Q

MC type of placental infection/inflammation

A

ascending infections

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13
Q

bacterial, premature rupture of membranes, neutrophils

mycoplasma, candida, vaginal flora

A

ascending infections

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14
Q

disease of pregnancy with placental villitis

A

transplacental infection/inflammation

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15
Q

nemonic for transplacental infection/inflammation

A
TORCH
toxoplasmosis
other
rubella virus
CMV
HSV
(also associated with TB, syphilis, HIV, HBV, P. falciparum- malaria)
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16
Q

non-uterine implantation (1%)

A

ectopic pregnancy

17
Q

ectopic pregnancies are MC on ________, 90%

A

fallopian tube

18
Q

3 types of gestational trophoblastic disease

A

hydatidiform mole
invasive mole
choriocarcinoma

19
Q

swollen chronic villi, abnormal fertilization, 1.5:1000 pregrenancies, BENIGN, large, cystic, grape-like structure
2 sperm implant on wall

A

hydatidiform mole

20
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease that is BENIGN, invasive, NO metastasis – usually regressives

A

invasive mole

21
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease that is aggressive malignancy of gestational chorionic epithelium, hemorrhagic, discovered late
*extreme hCG & uterine bleeding
chemotherapy = 100% cure

A

choriocarcinoma

22
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease that may met to lungs; similar appearance to testicular choriocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

choriocarcinoma

23
Q

_______ metastasis is term for findings on x-ray with CHORIOCARCINOMAS

A

cannon ball metastasis

24
Q

disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine
usually IDIOPATHIC
3rd trimester
anti-angiogenesis: limits maternal blood –> placenta

A

preeclampsia

25
Q

if _____ is untreated, it leads to ______; symptoms are seizures, coma (toxemia of pregnancy)
maternal end-organ failure

A

preeclampsia

eclampsia

26
Q

10% of eclampsia has symptoms of mnemonic

A

HELLP
HEMOLYSIS
increase ENZYMES in LIVER
LOW PLATELES

27
Q

consequences of eclampsia

A

hypercoagulability, renal dysfunction

28
Q

3 breast lesions with minor abnormalities

A

supernumerary nipples
inverted nipple
galactocele

29
Q

inverted nipple is MC ______ ; if _____ usually means metastasis or inflammation

A

congenital

acquired

30
Q

ductal obstruction during LACTATION –> inflammation & cyst formation

A

galactocele

31
Q

breast lesions are MC in ______ and MC _______; usually palpable and painful (painful means more likely to be benign)

A

females

benign

32
Q

supernumerary nipples usually develop on “ _____” aka “embryonic ridge”

A

milk line