Chapter 18 Part II Flashcards
_____ may be normal, multiple, 1-4 cm filled with serous fluid that may enlarge –> rupture
ovarian cysts
multiple cystic follicles in which ovaries are 2x size and produce EXCESSIVE androgen
polycystic ovarian disease
8th MC cancer in US women and 5th MC cause of CA-related death
ovarian neoplasia
prolonged oral contraceptives _____ risk for ovarian neoplasia
DECREASES
90% of all ovarian CA are _____ tumors; can be benign or malignant, repeated ovulation/scarring –> metaplasia
surface epithelial tumors
surface epithelial tumors are usually _____ grade, ____ invasion
low grade
limited invasion
3 most important ovarian tumors
teratoma
serous tumors
endometrial tumors
teratomas usually occur ______ in life
early
MC type of surface epithelial tumor; ___ % are benign from ages 30-40; represents ___ % of ALL OVARIAN CA
serous tumors
60%
60%
95% of all serous tumors have _____ mutation
TP53
surface epithelial tumor associated with endometriosis & endometrial CA
*MC MALIGNANT**
endometrioid tumors
MC type of placental infection/inflammation
ascending infections
bacterial, premature rupture of membranes, neutrophils
mycoplasma, candida, vaginal flora
ascending infections
disease of pregnancy with placental villitis
transplacental infection/inflammation
nemonic for transplacental infection/inflammation
TORCH toxoplasmosis other rubella virus CMV HSV (also associated with TB, syphilis, HIV, HBV, P. falciparum- malaria)
non-uterine implantation (1%)
ectopic pregnancy
ectopic pregnancies are MC on ________, 90%
fallopian tube
3 types of gestational trophoblastic disease
hydatidiform mole
invasive mole
choriocarcinoma
swollen chronic villi, abnormal fertilization, 1.5:1000 pregrenancies, BENIGN, large, cystic, grape-like structure
2 sperm implant on wall
hydatidiform mole
gestational trophoblastic disease that is BENIGN, invasive, NO metastasis – usually regressives
invasive mole
gestational trophoblastic disease that is aggressive malignancy of gestational chorionic epithelium, hemorrhagic, discovered late
*extreme hCG & uterine bleeding
chemotherapy = 100% cure
choriocarcinoma
gestational trophoblastic disease that may met to lungs; similar appearance to testicular choriocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma
choriocarcinoma
_______ metastasis is term for findings on x-ray with CHORIOCARCINOMAS
cannon ball metastasis
disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine
usually IDIOPATHIC
3rd trimester
anti-angiogenesis: limits maternal blood –> placenta
preeclampsia
if _____ is untreated, it leads to ______; symptoms are seizures, coma (toxemia of pregnancy)
maternal end-organ failure
preeclampsia
eclampsia
10% of eclampsia has symptoms of mnemonic
HELLP
HEMOLYSIS
increase ENZYMES in LIVER
LOW PLATELES
consequences of eclampsia
hypercoagulability, renal dysfunction
3 breast lesions with minor abnormalities
supernumerary nipples
inverted nipple
galactocele
inverted nipple is MC ______ ; if _____ usually means metastasis or inflammation
congenital
acquired
ductal obstruction during LACTATION –> inflammation & cyst formation
galactocele
breast lesions are MC in ______ and MC _______; usually palpable and painful (painful means more likely to be benign)
females
benign
supernumerary nipples usually develop on “ _____” aka “embryonic ridge”
milk line
