Chapter 11 Part I Flashcards
RBCs are AKA
erythrocytes
WBCs are AKA
leukocytes
formation and development of blood cells, hematology
hematopoiesis
the production, function and destruction of one type of cell (RBC or WBC) are usually closely linked and affect one another… therefore they are ______
interconnected
formation or development of blood cells in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus
extramedullary hematopoiesis
hematopoiesis is more common in the VERTEBRAE and pelvis ______ in life
older
rupture of erythrocytes; releases contents in hemoglobin
hemolysis
erythrocyte production in red bone marrow; compensatory hyperplasia of RBC stem cells
erythropoiesis
immature RBCs; mature 1 day in circulation
reticulocyte
marrow failure, decrease circulating reticulocytes
reticulocytopenia
increase in RBCs
polycythemia
with anemia, there is a DECREASE in RBC _____ and DECREASE in _____ capacity
mass
oxygen
___% of men and ___% of women have anemia in US
4%
8%
(3) causes of anemia
blood loss (hemorrhage) increase RBC destruction decrease RBC production
anemia produces tissues _____ which leads to ____ oxygen supply
hypoxia
decrease
recovery from anemia is enhanced by compensatory rise in ____ level which stimulates ____ RBC production and renal fibroblasts by _____ times
erythropoietin
increase
5-8
RBC morphology is associated with cause; (3) categories
microcytic (small)
normocytic (decrease #)
macrocytic (enlarged)
pallor fatique weakness (LASSITUDE) decrease growth osseous abnormalities cachexia associated with:
anemia
hemolytic: Hb –> bilirubin –> ________
jaundice/gallstones
the severity of anemia depends on (2)
rate of onset
mechanism
anemia of blood loss is AKA _______ ; caused by burns, internal injuries (GI), diarrhea, gyno
hemorrhagic anemia
hemorrhagic anemia has risk of ________ if more than 20% blood volume –> end organ failure
hypovolemic shock
the RBCs in hemorrhagic anemia are considered ____ & ______
normocytic
normochromic
renal hypoxia –> ____ in EPO, hemodilution: in ___ days; reticulocytosis in ______ days
increase
2-3 days
5-7 days
___ is needed for hemoglobin synthesis, chronic blood loss –> ___ stores of ____
iron
decrease stores of iron
accelerated RBC destruction occurs in ____ anemia
hemolytic
normal RBCs have lifespan of ____ days; in hemolytic anemia, RBCs have lifespan of ____ days
120
15-20 days
hemolytic anemia that is hereditary; enzyme deficiency, disordered Hb synthesis
intracorpuscular defects
hemolytic anemia that is acquired: antibodies, RBC trauma, infections
extracorpuscular defects
MC category of hemolytic anemia
extravascular
hemolytic anemia with trauma to RBC membrane, physical/biochemical; damaged heart valve, toxins, heat, complement, hemoglobinura
intravascular hemolysis
hemoglobin in urine
hemoglobinuria
hemolytic anemia with macrophages in spleen, liver – blood leaves circulation and ends up in an organ
extravascular hemolysis
extravascular hemolysis – RBCs usually end up in which organs
SPLEEN = MC
liver
abnormally shaped RBCs, general term
poikilocyte
irregularly shaped RBCs, from hemolysis (helmet shaped)
schistocyte
teardrop-shaped RBC
darcocyte
types of hemolytic anemia (8)
hereditary spherocytosis sickle cell anemia thalassemia glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria immunohemolytic anemias traumatic malaria
Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal _____ mutation and _____ defect, abnormal _______ membrane, fragile
dominant
intracorpuscular
RBC membrane
RBCs are LESS elastic which leads to shedding in ______
hereditary spherocytosis
(2) characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis
spherocytes (sphere shaped)
decrease life span (removed by SPLEEN)
treatment for hereditary spherocytosis is
splenectomy
