Chapter 18 Part I Flashcards
MC cause of vulvitis
inflammation
pruritus allergic contact dermatitis infection BARTHOLIN CYST are associated with
vulvitis
(2) epithelial disorders of vulva
lichen sclerosus
lichen simplex chronicus
epidermal THINNING with WHITE lesions near labia minor that is MC in elderly and has MINIMAL inflammation
lichen sclerosus
epithelial hyperplasia & hyperkeratosis that is associated with chronic irritation; has dermal INFLAMMATION
lichen simplex chronicus
epithelial disorder that has a small CA risk (1-5% –> SCC)
lichen sclerosus
(2) types of neoplasia associated with neoplasia of vulva
condyloma
vulvar carcinoma
neoplasia with post infix, warty lesions
condyloma
secondary to syphillus, flat, moist, painless
condylomata lata
rare neoplasm, usually > 60 y.o.; late metastasis
90% SCC
vulvar carcinoma
vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia often leads to _____ type of vulvar carcinoma
HPV-related SCC
type of vulvar carcinoma that is more rare, associated with HPV-16 and 18 (HIGH RISK strains) and in middle aged females
HPV-related SCC
type of vulvar carcinoma that is MC and occurs in older women, lichen sclerosis. no VIN
non-HPV related SCC
discharge (leukorrhea), pain and pruritus is often associated with ________; may also be caused by an infection
vaginitis
trichomonoas vaginalis produces a _____ colored discharge, while C. albicans produces a ______ colored discharge
green
white
vaginal cancer that is MC > 60 y.o.
risk is HPV
precancerous VIN lead to this cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
vaginal cancer that was discovered in mothers who took diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent threatened abortions – very rare now
clear cell adenocarcinoma
vaginal cancer that occurs in girls under 5 y.o. and starts as soft polypod “raspberry-like projections”
sarcoma botyoides
MC cause of infectious cervicitis
chlamydia trachomatis
MC type of non-infectious cervicitis
chronic (due to estrogen fluctuations
risks of neoplasia of cervix (4)
early 1st intercourse
multiple sex partners
male partner w/ many partners
persistent infxn w/ high risk HPV
type of HPV that is high risk for neoplasia of cervix (2)
HPV 16
HPV 18
most HPV infxns are transient for _____; the few that persist –> ________, which is precursor for invasive carcinoma
months
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
in cervical neoplasia, there is a ______ zone from ______ epithelium to _____ epithelium – this occurs during ______
transformation
columnar
squamous
puberty
HPV that leads to dysplasia of cervix is called _______; the MC diagnosis is at 30 y.o.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
________ CIN is usually observed to ensure that it doesn’t progress because about 60% will regress
low-grade CIN
______ CIN that has to be removed because 10% lead to cancer
high-grade CIN
term for the progressive change from normal to abnormal cells associated with CIN, usually have large nucleus, anaplasia, irregular borders, and hyperchromasis
koliocytosis
CIN is usually ________, so pap smears are used for screening; abnormal pap smears require ______
asymptomatic
colposcopy
75% of invasive carcinoma of cervix is _____ type of cancer and is MC diagnosed in mid 40’s
SCC
invasive carcinoma occurs in _______ and has variable size, when it gets over ____ mm it is considered aggressive
transition zone 3 mm (10% metastasize to this size)
Tumors encircling the cervix and penetrating into the underlying stroma are called
barrel cervix
_____ is MC secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease
endometritis
when endometrial tissue is everywhere in tissue except in endometrium (where is should be) is called_______; cyclic bleeding –> fibrosis and adhesions
extrauterine endometrial tissue
50% of female infertility is caused by
extrauterine endometrial tissue
chocolate cyst is associated with
endometriosis
profuse/prolonged menstruation
menorrhagia
irregular bleeding btwn periods (spotting)
metrorrhagia
abnormal breakdown of endometrium b/c of inadequate luteal phase – MC at extremes of reproductive life
anovulatory cycle
increase in estrogen, failed ovulation that is precursor to endometrial carcinoma
endometrial hyperplasia
MC female genital tract CA, occurs 55-65 y.o., endometroid = 80%
endometrial carcinoma
polyps tha are .5- 3 cm sessile mass that is MC around menopause
endometrial polyp
smooth muscle tumor in MYOMETRIUM that is benign, MC during reproductive age, NUMEROUS polyps
leiomyoma (aka fibroids)
malignant polyp in MYOMETRIUM that usually occurs postmenopausal, MC metastasis –> lungs SOLITARY polyp
leiomyosarcoma
MC inflammation of fallopian tube is called
salpingitis
MC type of fallopian tube carcinoma is ______ and MC located on the ______
adenocarcinoma
fimbriae
