Chapter 18 Key Terms and People

Question 1

patent

Answer 1

a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention

Question 2

Thomas Edison

Answer 2

In 1876 he set up an invention laboratory, producing the first lightbulb, motion picture camera and hundreds of useful devices.

Question 3

Alexander Graham Bell

Answer 3

In 1876 he sent the first telephone message to his assistant in another room.

Question 4

Henry Ford

Answer 4

perfected a system to mass-produce cars and make them available at a lower price

Question 5

assembly line

Answer 5

a manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt

Question 6

Wilbur and Orville Wright

Answer 6

tested a gas-powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Question 7

refine

Answer 7

purify; make free from impurities

Question 8

alter

Answer 8

to change; to make different

Question 9

entrepreneur

Answer 9

someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit

Question 10

corporation

Answer 10

business owned by many investors

Question 11

monopoly

Answer 11

a company that controls most or all business in particular industry

Question 12

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 12

business giant worked his way up in the railroad business and then entered the growing steel industry: born a poor Scottish Immigrant, ruthless and charitable

Question 13

John D Rockefeller

Answer 13

came from humble beginnings, invested in an oil refinery. ended competition in the oil industry by forming the Standard Oil Trust. ruthless and charitable

Question 14

trust

Answer 14

a group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Question 15

free enterprise

Answer 15

the system in which privately owned businesses compete freely

Question 16

eliminate

Answer 16

to get rid of

Question 17

justify

Answer 17

to give good reason for an action

Question 18

Samuel Gompers

Answer 18

formed a new union called American Federation of Labor using skilled workers and collective bargaining

Question 19

collective bargaining

Answer 19

unions negotiate with management for workers as a group

Question 20

urbanization

Answer 20

the rapid growth of city population

Question 21

tenement

Answer 21

buildings divided into many tiny apartments in slums, bleak conditions

Question 22

clinic

Answer 22

place where people receive medical treatment, often for free or for a small fee

Question 23

Jane Addams

Answer 23

worked hard for poor settle dwellers opened Hull in 1889, a settlement house in the slums of Chicago

Question 24

settlement house

Answer 24

a center for offering help to the urban poor

Question 25

steerage

Answer 25

large compartments that usually held cattle

Question 26

assimilation

Answer 26

the process of becoming part of another culture

Question 27

anarchist

Answer 27

person who opposes all forms of government

Question 28

isolate

Answer 28

to set apart; to separate

Question 29

exclude

Answer 29

to keep out, expel, or reject

Question 30

expand

Answer 30

to become bigger

Question 31

circuit

Answer 31

route repeatedly traveled

Question 32

compulsory education

Answer 32

requirement that children attend school up to a certain age

Question 33

realist

Answer 33

writer who tries to show life as it is

Question 34

Mark Twain

Answer 34

popular author Samuel Clemens made realistic stories by capturing southern speech patterns

Question 35

Joseph Pulitzer

Answer 35

created first modern, mass-circulation newspaper who bought the NY Times and cut the price of paper in half and added crowd-pleasing features

Question 36

yellow journalism

Answer 36

sensational reporting style of NY World and other papers