Chapter 16 Section 3

Question 1

What were the effects of Reconstruction?

Answer 1

military rule in the south; Democrats regaining power in southern states; African Americans losing rights they had gained during Reconstruction; many freedmen left poor and landless; the South’s economy beginning to recover

Question 2

poll tax

Answer 2

a personal tax to be paid before voting

Question 3

literacy test

Answer 3

a test to see if a person can read or write

Question 4

grandfather clause

Answer 4

a provision that allowed someone to avoid compliance such as a voter being allowed to avoid a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867

Question 5

segregation

Answer 5

enforced separation of races

Question 6

Homer Plessy

Answer 6

arrested for sitting in a coach marked “for whites only.” The court upheld segregation laws

Question 7

sharecropper

Answer 7

a laborer who works the land for the farmer who owns it, in exchange for a share of the value of the crop

Question 8

require

Answer 8

to order or command

Question 9

inferior

Answer 9

of lower rank or status, or of poorer quality

Question 10

What proposal did Hayes make to the Democrats in order to end their opposition?

Answer 10

Hayes proposed to end Reconstruction.

Question 11

How did Hayes’ proposal meet the goals of both the Democrats and Republicans?

Answer 11

The Democrats wanted to end Reconstruction and the Republicans wanted to win the presidency.

Question 12

What factors contibuted to the end of Reconstruction?

Answer 12

northerners’ losing faith in Republicans because of government corruption; Democratic candidates taking back the South; the election of 1876

Question 13

Which region did Tilden have the most support?

Answer 13

the South

Question 14

Based on the Election of 1876, did the Civil War end sectionalism? Explain.

Answer 14

No; the people of the South voted Democratic and people in the North and West voted Republican

Question 15

Why was the grandfather clause to the voter literacy test passed?

Answer 15

to ensure that only white men could vote

Question 16

How did the typical lives of African Americans and whites in the South differ when segregation was law?

Answer 16

Whites typically had access to better education, jobs, and facilities.

Question 17

Why was it hard for sharecroppers to escape the debt cycle?

Answer 17

They could not make enough money to pay back their debt to landowners and buy their own land.

Question 18

What methods did southern states use to deprive African Americans of their rights?

Answer 18

They used poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent African Americans from voting, and passed Jim Crow laws that prevented them from using facilities that whites used.

Question 19

Were African American’s in towns and cities struggling with poverty as well as sharecroppers? Explain.

Answer 19

Yes, opportunities for skilled workers dwindled and many African Americans had to take any job they could find.

Question 20

What part of the South’s economy began to recover first during Reconstruction?

Answer 20

agriculture

Question 21

How did the South use its resources to develop manufacturing?

Answer 21

It built mills and factories to develop its resources. For example, furniture factories were built to turn the South’s lumber into furniture; textile factories used the region’s cotton; factories used the South’s iron and oil.

Question 22

How did many freedmen and whites become locked in a cycle of poverty?

Answer 22

Sharecroppers bought farming supplies from landowners on credit and shared the profits from crops. They often did not make enough to pay back the debt, so they had to keep working for the landowners to repay them.

Question 23

What was the “New South” that was emerging by 1900?

Answer 23

The New South began to develop its own resources, setting up mills and factories to turn its resources into useful goods.

Question 24

How did Plessy v. Ferguson make the fight against segregation more difficult?

Answer 24

It ruled in favor of segregation as long as facilities were equal.