Chapter 16 Section 2

Question 1

How did disagreements over Reconstuction lead to conflict in government and in the South?

Answer 1

President Johnson and Radical Republicans had different ideas for Reconstruction, which led Republicans to attempt to remove Johnson from office. Some white southerners who did not agree with Reconstruction used violence to keep African Americans out of power.

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Followed Lincoln’s example putting a relatively lenient Reconstruction plan in place without consulting legislators.

Question 3

black codes

Answer 3

new laws used by southern states to control African Americans

Question 4

Hiram Revels

Answer 4

First African American US Senator, elected in 1870, supporter of the Union throughout the Civil War, previously a minister

Question 5

Blanche Bruce

Answer 5

African American who served in the Senate

Question 6

scalawag

Answer 6

southern whites who had opposed secession

Question 7

carpetbagger

Answer 7

name given by southerners to northern whites who went south to start businesses or pursue political office

Question 8

impeachment

Answer 8

the bringing of formal charges against a public official

Question 9

How did Congress respond to Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction?

Answer 9

Congress rejected his approach and appointed a committee to form a new plan.

Question 10

critic

Answer 10

someone who makes judgements on the value of objects or actions

Question 11

register

Answer 11

enroll or record officially

Question 12

What was the purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment?

Answer 12

to ban slavery throughout the US

Question 13

Why was the 13th Amendment necessary?

Answer 13

Even after the Civil War, slavery was legal in some parts of the country.

Question 14

What were two key goals of Radical Republicans?

Answer 14

1) to prevent southern planters from regaining control of the government and 2) to protect freedmen and guarantee them the right to vote

Question 15

Why do you think the struggle over Reconstruction was getting more bitter?

Answer 15

Radical Republicans saw signs that the southern states were trying to turn back the clock.

Question 16

List elements of the 14th Amendment:

Answer 16

includes due process, equal protection of the laws, definition of a citizen, and reduction of a state’s representation in Congress if any male citizen over age 21 was denied the right to vote

Question 17

Why do you think the 14th Amendment failed to win approval until Radical Republicans took control of Reconstruction?

Answer 17

Former Confederate leaders did not want to give the vote to African Americans.

Question 18

Congress proposed the 14th Amendment to give freedmen a way to defend their rights. How would the amendment put that goal into action?

Answer 18

It says that everyone born or naturalized in the US is a citizen with rights guaranteed to citizens; states cannot pass laws that take away these rights; and states cannot pass laws that deprive citizens of equal protection from laws. These laws helped protect the rights of freedment.

Question 19

How did the Fourteenth Amendment seek to protect the freedmen?

Answer 19

It gave freemen the same rights as people of other races and forbade states from passing laws that took away their rights.

Question 20

What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 accomplish?

Answer 20

It threw out any southern state government that had refused to ratify the 14th Amendment and divided the South into five military districts that were governed by army commanders.

Question 21

Under the Radical Republican plan, what did southern states have to do to rejoin the Union?

Answer 21

write new constitutions, ratify the 14th Amendment, and allow African Americans to vote

Question 22

What were the important accomplishments of Reconstruction?

Answer 22

African Americans played an active role in politics for the first time; southern states opened public schools for the first time; legislators spread taxes more evenly, made fairer voting rights, and gave property rights to women; states rebulit bridges, roads, and buildings destroyed by the war.

Question 23

Why do you think Radical Republicans wanted President Johnson removed from office?

Answer 23

Johnson and the Radicals disagreed on many aspects of Reconstruction, so the Radicals may have believed it would be easier to carry out Reconstruction their way if Johnson was removed from office.

Question 24

Why did southern states resist approving the 14th Amendment?

Answer 24

African voters often outnumbered white voters, and whites did not want to lose control of the government.

Question 25

What was the purpose of the Fifteenth Amendment?

Answer 25

to bar states from denying the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous status as a slave

Question 26

How were some southern states still able to prevent African Americans from voting?

Answer 26

by requiring that voters own property or pay a tax, which African Americans often could not afford

Question 27

Which Amendment guaranteed African Americans the right to vote?

Answer 27

Fifteenth Amendment

Question 28

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 28

a secret society that terrorized African Americans and their white allies

Question 29

Why do you think the Klan was not formed before the Civil War?

Answer 29

African Americans in the South were enslaved before the war and had few rights, so they posed no threat to the white southern way of life.

Question 30

In 1867, the Radical Republicans in Congress propsed the Reconstruction Act. What actions did this proposal involve?

Answer 30

Actions included replacing southern governments that would not ratify the 14th Amendment, imposing military rule on those states, requiring states to ratify the amendment and then write a new constitution, requiring states to let African Americans vote, and helping with voter registration.