Chapter 18

Question 1

and defining verbal behavior, skinner plays the focus on an analysis of the immediate and historical contingencies that affect speakers and listeners. Accordingly, he defined verbal behavior as behavior, reinforce to the _________of another person, but those other person must be responding away, which have been conditioned precisely in order to reinforce the behavior of the speaker.

Answer 1

Mediation

Question 2

The _______of language is the formal properties of language can be classified by description of the verbal, utterances, speech, sign language, etc., for example, with speech, it is common to measure the topography of what it was said the formal description of language also involves the classification of words by the grammar forms of part of speech.

Answer 2

Form

Question 3

The ________of language involves the different functions that a word may have book for example, the same word can have different meanings something to read versus making a hotel reservation

Answer 3

Function

Question 4

A verbal _______a speaker admits any type of verbal response to any form, speech, sign language eye contact and a listener services. The audience for the speaker provides reinforcement for a speaker and response to specific ways to the speakers verbal behavior..

Answer 4

Episode

Question 5

_________verbal behavior, the unit of verbal behavior can be described as an increased strength of distinguishable topographies given some specific controlling variable examples are speech, sign language, writing, finger, spelling, and other response forms in which the listener is affected by a speaker specific response to topography.

Answer 5

Topography based

Question 6

in ______verbal behavior, the unit of verbal behavior can be described as an increased control of the pointing or selecting response by a particular stimulus as a result of a different stimulus or establishing operation.

Answer 6

Selection based

Question 7

the ______relation is a type of verbal behavior in which the form of a response word sign, gesture, icon, exchange, etc. is under the functional control of a motivating operation and a history of specific reinforcement.

Answer 7

Mand

Question 8

A tact is when a child’s names, her friends in the room are looking at them. She usually is tacking. The tact relation is a type of _________in which the form of a response is under the functional control of a nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and a history of conditioned reinforcement..

Answer 8

Verbal behavior

Question 9

there are _____types of duplic relations Echoic, motor imitation and copying text.

Answer 9

Three

Question 10

duplic Echoic the echoic relation is a type of duplex, verbal behavior in which the form of vocal response is under the functional control of an auditory verbal SD that has formal similarity between the stimulus and the response product and has a history of _________

Answer 10

Generalized reinforcement

Question 11

duplic ___________ is a type of duplex, verbal behavior in which the form of a motor response is under the functional control of a visual verbal SD that has formal similarity and a history of generalized reinforcement example parent signs, car and child signs car.

Answer 11

Motor imitation

Question 12

__________ writing letters and words that match other letters and words constitutes copying text example, finger spelling, and braille can also be copied copying textual stimuli has the same defining features as a coe and motor imitation except the response form is written finger spelled or braille punch.

Answer 12

duplic copying text

Question 13

_________is a type of verbal behavior which the form of a transcript I’ve response is under the functional control of a textual verbal SD that has formal similarity and a history of generalized reinforcement example writing down an address observed on a website

Answer 13

Copying text

Question 14

There are two types of ______- relations, textual and taking dictation.

Answer 14

Codic

Question 15

_______correspondence occurs when the parts of a verbal stimulus correspond to the parts of a verbal response, but do not physically match each each other example DOG and then saying dog.

Answer 15

Point to point

Question 16

when someone gives you a name and you write it down, you convert spoken word to __________although somewhat dated but nonetheless accurate Skinners term taking dictation describes this type of verbal behavior in which the form of the response is under the function control of a verbal, SD with point point correspondence between the verbal stimulus and the verbal response product and a history of generalized reinforcement, but not formal similarity.

Answer 16

Written words

Question 17

The __________ is a type of verbal behavior in which the form of a response is under the functional control of a verbal SD does not have point of point correspondence with the verbal stimulus example receiving the text what time and texting back 10 AM.

Answer 17

Introvert relation

Question 18

__________can be defined as a verbal, SD that evokes a corresponding nonverbal response or class of response due to a history of generalized reinforcement someone asked for a pen and for a pen.

Answer 18

Listener discrimination

Question 19

matching to ______procedures, teach a child to attend to an organize the various stimuli that affect his sensory system a generalized matching repertoire, placing a novel picture of various exemplars of a category together can facilitate the established equivalent and equivalent relations between various classes of stimulus events.

Answer 19

Sample

Question 20

__________involves reinforcement that is established by its relation to a specific motivating operation. Example, water deprivation establishes water as a specific reinforcement..

Answer 20

specific reinforcement

Question 21

____\involved types of motivation that the N8 to humans and do not require a learning history to affect behavior.

Answer 21

UMO

Question 22

_______are the direct result of a learning history.

Answer 22

Cmos

Question 23

_________two facts emerged from our survey on the basic function relations in verbal behavior, the strength of a single response, maybe and usually is a function of more than one variable a single variable usually affects more than one response.

Answer 23

Multiple control

Question 24

___________ a single response is controlled by more than one antecedent variable. An example is a man is usually controlled by both the motivating operation for information and the SD the audience..

Answer 24

convergent multiple control

Question 25

__________control a single antecedent variable controls more than one response for example, the verbal stimulus who was Darwin could evoke any number of different verbal responses from a listener speaker, such as natural selection.

Answer 25

Divergent multiple control

Question 26

most types of motivating operation are ________here’s another weird thindthat is only one person can experience their affect. These are called private events and stress that despite their in accessibility private events cannot be neglected as casual variables in the interpretation of behavioral event.

Answer 26

Private

Question 27

tact _______are generic, metaphorical, metaphorical, and solecistic.

Answer 27

Extension

Question 28

tact extensions, _______example tacking a tree in the presence of a maple tree when shown the oak tree, the child correctly tax as a tree when the child encounters a novel nonverbal stimulus that has some, but not all the defining features. The antecedent may also evoke the response tree as exemplified in a _______tact extension.

Answer 28

Generic, metaphotical

Question 29

____________tact extension the novel stimulus does not share any of the defining features of the original original stimulus, but some irrelevant feature acquire stimulus control example a child may have a tendency to a swing a tree if there was a swing on the tree and it was a swing that acquired the stimulus control over the response tree.

Answer 29

Metonymical

Question 30

Tact ________learning to tact in a property regardless of the object itself for example, the color red can appear as part of a wide range of nonverbal stimuli.

Answer 30

Abstraction

Question 31

In addition to the different types of antecedent variables that distinguish the man from the tact, different types of _____ defined each offer as well. These include educational reinforcement escape from avoidance of a versive stimulation, extending the listeners contact with the environment, automatic reinforcement the history of continuous or correlated usage.

Answer 31

Reinforcement

Question 32

_______controlling the tact educational reinforcement

Answer 32

Reinforcement

Question 33

Reinforcement controlling the ______ through escape or avoidance of adversive stimulation. The removal of something that is adversive to people can function as a type of negative reinforcement the strengthening behavior, example, tone of voice.

Answer 33

Tact

Question 34

In short, all basic principles of behavior can operate on a persons automatically and all automatic contingencies have the same defining properties as non-automatic ______Example automatic reinforcement

Answer 34

Contingencies

Question 35

Generative learning involves a behavioral effect where previously acquired skills enable or accelerate the acquisition of other skills without dependence on _____, teaching or history of rein.

Answer 35

Direct teaching

Question 36

Emergent tact relations __________this research shows that equivalence can be established by using conditional discrimination procedures to directly teach a single AB relation between a word stimulus and an object stimulus B and then teach BC between the same object stimulus B and a stimulus C and then test for the untrained relations BACB symmetry test and ACA transitivity test.

Answer 36

Stimulus equivalence

Question 37

___________naming one of the most reaching achievements in early language acquisition occurs when any co-listener and self listener skills combine to establish a new high order verbal cusp example once a child can easily echo new words and has acquired the basic pre-requisite repertoire a new word acquired as listener Can immediately generate speaker behavior attacked without further training or if the word first acquired as attacked it can immediately generate a listener relation without further training

Answer 37

Buy directional naming

Question 38

________also involves the combination of verbal skills, echoic and tact repertory and occurs when two separately establish antecedence that devote the same response to pornography arise simultaneously. Example, when searching for a specific reference from a list of references, a self coach is rehearsed until a textual stimulus evokes the same response form the physical similarity of the two response forms, generate a nonverbal SD regarding a similarity and evokes and emergent autolytic tact that’s it..

Answer 38

Joint control

Question 39

There are ________of elementary verbal operates, colic invitation, related to sign language copying text textual taking dictation and introvert all of these verbal operations, except the introvert can be classified as duplex or Kodak.

Answer 39

Six types

Question 40

_____are the least complex of the verbal offering, but play a significant role in linguistics and academic development. Category of verbal operant involves verbally copying verbal stimuli, such as spoken words, written words, gestures, sign language, finger spelling these can be organized into three distinguishable types, auditory, match, imitation as it relates to sign language And copying copying configurations of written letters.

Answer 40

Duplic

Question 41

_____a child ability to echo phonemes and words of others is essential for learning to identify objects and actions.

Answer 41

Ecohoic

Question 42

Motor ________some types of motor imitation constitute nonverbal behavior such as following others to get in line imitation is valuable tool for teaching sign language.

Answer 42

Imitation

Question 43

Copying ____textual verb verbal stimuli can be written finger spelled or punched in braille learning to copy the stimuli can facilitate the development of Kodak verbal behavior to rewrite and spell exampleA child 1st learns to make letters by tracing and copying them can lead to writing spelling, and reading.

Answer 43

Text

Question 44

________naming if I teach you tacked you can do listener response if I TEACH YOU A TACT you CAN DO LISTENER REsponse . responding

Answer 44

Buy directional naming

Question 45

Codic relations have formal similarity, true or false

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Simple, ______discriminations where a single component word or phrase evokes a non-matching verbal.

Answer 46

Verbal

Question 47

Simple, verbal ______The first type of introvert behavior acquired by typically developing children or a single component word or phrase evokes a non-matching verbal response example ready set go..

Answer 47

Discrimination

Question 48

A _______verbal discrimination involves convergent, multiple control or two or more verbal STDs collectively evoke response. Example after hearing red white and the speaker says blue.

Answer 48

Compound

Question 49

A verbal conditional discrimination occurs when one verbal stimulus alters, the evocative effects of another verbal stimulus within the same antecedent configuration, and that stimulus ______. Example speaker saying spoon or soap when ask what you eat with or what do you wash with?

Answer 49

Evokes a response

Question 50

Verbal ________altering stimulus to describe the effect that occurs when verbal stimulate immediately condition the behavior of the listener and produce relatively permanent change changes in the behavioral function of other simulation and motivating operations occur immediately or later in time. Example singing at the right time after hearing when I call your name, senior part listener after hearing

Answer 50

Function altering

Question 51

Those ___________which do not require multiple control and have the relevant reinforcement history can be classified as intraverbal operant.

Answer 51

Verbal operates

Question 52

______ by directional naming simple, can be established by teaching a child, a relation between two verbal stimuli and socks, and then teaching the child over or covert self repetitions of the trained interrelation shoes, and socks, shoes, and socks.

Answer 52

Intraverbal

Question 53

When this ______introvert emerges without training this eye introvert by directional naming effect is consistent with symmetry and mutual entailment

Answer 53

Reversal

Question 54

A _____ is an active participant in verbal exchanges and serves many roles in the capacity. Skinner makes a distinction between the nonverbal and verbal duties of a listener.

Answer 54

Listener

Question 55

The interaction between speaker and listener, including ________, constitutes what skinner termed a verbal episode and can be considered the basic speaker listener unit of verbal behavior.

Answer 55

Self listeners

Question 56

The ________relation involves two systems of responses one based on the other the upper level can only be understood in terms of its relation relation to the lower level .

Answer 56

Autolytic

Question 57

Primary _____behavior as the lower level and secondary autolytic behavior as the upper level primary verbal responses constitute any of the verbal operates man tacked into verbal textual, and a secondary autistic response is controlled by some feature of the primary verbal or by the controlling variables.

Answer 57

Verbal

Question 58

The _________ is a type of man and a secondary automatic behavior that has the same defining features as a primary man response controlled by MO and specific reinforcement except the autolytic man is secondary verbal behavior that joins a listener to take some specific action regarding the primary response and autolytic behavior is reinforced by the listeners actions. Example believe me they are wrong is blatantly mending to the listener with believe me to verbally except as a fact, without challenging her statement, they are wrong..

Answer 58

Autoclitic

Question 59

And ________tact as a type of secondary verbal behavior that is controlled by some nonverbal feature of the primary response or is controlling variables, and the otic response informs a listener of the feature example a speaker may say I am sure it’s safe where the secondary analytic response I’m sure is attacked of the strong source of control for its safe.

Answer 59

autolclitic

Question 60

A descriptive __________tact is controlled by the nonverbal properties of the antecedent events and their relation to the primary response for example and autolytic tact of strength could be observed in a speaker who might have a Tennessee to say that’s the right house a primary response and covertly the strength of the nonverbal stimulus control. I’m sure, a descriptive tack that inform a listener of the strength of the primary relation as a result, alters a listeners response to that’s the right house.

Answer 60

autolitic

Question 61

Skinner argues that language constitutes learned speaker and listener _______ that acquired maintained and extended by environmental contingencies of reinforcement.

Answer 61

Behavior

Question 62

An ________is comprised of formal properties. The word spoken and functional properties is why those words.

Answer 62

Utterance

Question 63

_______ properties of language involved, the typography and structure of verbal responses, usually classified in terms of the parts of speech, clauses and sentences.

Answer 63

Formal

Question 64

The _______ properties of language involved the cause of a response of often referred to as a semantics or the meaning of a word.

Answer 64

Functional

Question 65

From a behavioral perspective, the meaning of a word can be found in the immediate and historical antecedent and consequences that evoke the ________.

Answer 65

Word

Question 66

By treating language as _____—emitted by speakers and listeners, the focus of the analysis and its applications is on the contingencies, responsible for the behavior..

Answer 66

Learned behavior

Question 67

Skinner 1957 defined ______behavior as behavior, reinforce through the mediation of other people, but those other people must be responding in ways which have been conditioned precisely in order to reinforce the behavior of the speaker.

Answer 67

Verbal

Question 68

Language and involves an interaction between a speaker and a listener, including when a speaker is her own listener Skinner’s terms the basic unit of analysis for the interaction of verbal _______

Answer 68

Episode

Question 69

The role of a speaker and a listener, alternate and verbal episodes and usually involve ______\speaker and listener behavior as well.

Answer 69

Covert

Question 70

In a ________a speaker immense any type of verbal behavior, man attacked introvert in the form of speech, sign language or icon contact.

Answer 70

Verbal episode

Question 71

In a verbal ______a listener serves as an audience for a speaker provides reinforcement for a speaker and response in specific ways to the speakers behavior.

Answer 71

Episode

Question 72

In the rules of a _______, a listener, alternates and verbal episodes and usually involves covert speaker and listener behavior as well.

Answer 72

Speaker

Question 73

Verbal ________is not restricted to spoken words. Any form of operate behavior can acquire a verbal function, sign language, finger spelling, braille, facial expressions.

Answer 73

Behavior

Question 74

In ________ base, verbal behavior, each verbal relation involves a distinguishable response form given some specific controlling variable.

Answer 74

Topography