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BCBA Final > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

punishment is not about punishing. The person punishment is a response —————

A

consequence contingency

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2
Q

Punishment has occurred when a response is followed immediately by a —————-that decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior

A

stimulus change

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3
Q

positive punishment occurs when the presentation of a stimulus or an increase in the intensity of an already presented stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a _________in the frequency of the behavior.

A

decrease

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4
Q

example of positive punishment

A

Stubbing your toe if it’s suppresses the frequency of the behavior that proceeded the toast because the painful stimulation is best described as a presentation of a stimulus

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5
Q

example of positive punishment

A

Stubbing your toe if it’s suppresses the frequency of the behavior that proceeded the toast because the painful stimulation is best described as a presentation of a stimulus

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6
Q

negative punishment has occurred when the removal of an already present stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a in the future frequency of the behavior

A

Decrease

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7
Q

for a stimulus change to function as negative punishment which amounts to the removal of a positive reinforcer a —————_____ for the reinforcer must be an effect otherwise removing it will not constitute punishment

A

motivating operation

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8
Q

events are associated with positive punishment and with negative reinforcement

A

Aversive

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9
Q

————— control is often used to describe positive punishment and negative reinforcement.

A

Adversive

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10
Q

A punisher is a stimulus change that immediately follows a response and decreases ————- of that type of behavior

A

Future occurrences

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11
Q

And unconditioned punisher also called a primary punisher or unlearned punisher is a stimulus whose presentation functions as punishment without having been ———-with other punishers.

A

Paired

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12
Q

Unconditioned punishers are a product of ———-

A

Evolution

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13
Q

Like unconditioned reinforcers unconditioned punishers are Philo genetically important events that bare directly on fitness

A
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14
Q

A conditioned punisher also called secondary punisher or learn. Punisher is a stimulus change whose presentation functions as punishment as a result of a persons condition in his ———.

A

History

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15
Q

Examples of unconditioned pun Unis

A

Painful stimulation, such as caused by physical trauma to the body certain odors and taste physical restraint, loss of bodily support and extreme muscular effort or examples of stimulus changes that function as unconditioned punishers for humans

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16
Q

A condition punisher through stimulus stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or previous edition punishers

A

Example, as a result of an onset are very near the same time electric shock a previously neutral stimulus change such as an audible tone will become condition punisher, capable of suppressing behavior that immediately proceeds a tone when it occurs later without the shock

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17
Q

A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous forms of unconditioned and conditioned punishers become a —————condition punisher

A

Generalized

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18
Q

A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous forms of unconditioned and conditioned punishers become a —————condition punisher

A

Generalized

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19
Q

Examples of generalized condition punishers say no don’t do that disapproving gestures, scout head shakes frowns our generalized condition punishers for many people because they have been paired repeatedly with a wide range of unconditioned and conditioned punishers

A
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20
Q

A generalized conditioned reinforcers generalized condition. Punishes are independent of specific motivating conditions and will function as punishment under most conditions.

A
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21
Q

behavioral contrast to refer to the phenomenon in which change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on the component is accompany by a change in the response rate and the opposite direction on the other, and altered component of the schedule that didn’t make sense 

A
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22
Q

positive punishment, interventions, reprimand response, blocking response, interruption, and redirection contingent exercises over correction

A
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23
Q

positive punishment, interventions, reprimand response, blocking response, interruption, and redirection contingent exercises over correction

A
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24
Q

Reprimand the most common form is delivery of verbal reprimand, following the currents of misbehavior examples of reprimands

A

A firm no stop don’t do that

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25
Q

Response blocking ————intervening as soon as a person begins to admit the problem behavior

A

Physically

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26
Q

RIRD response, interruption, and redirection

A

Is a procedural variation of response blocking that includes interrupting stereotypy behavior and it’s onset and redirecting the individual to complete a highly probable liability behavior instead

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27
Q

contingent exercise

A

A client is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior example each time a seven-year-old hit someone he was required to stand up and sit down 10 times

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28
Q

over correction is it behavior reduction tactic in which contingent on each occurrence of the problem behavior the learner is required to engage an effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem behavior

A
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29
Q

Restitutional over correction

A

contingent on the problem behavior the learner is required to repair the damage caused by the problem behavior by returning the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior that brings the environment to a condition better than it was prior to misbehavior

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30
Q

positive practice over correct

A

contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior the learner is required to repeatedly perform a correct form of the behavior or the behavior incompatible with the problem behavior for a specific duration of time or number of responses example wiping your feet on the doormat before you come into the house

31
Q

select effective appropriate punisher conduct a punisher assessment use varied punishers or sufficient quality and intensity, use varied punishers

A
32
Q

Deliver a punisher at the beginning of a behavioral sequence

A

Punishing an inappropriate behavior as soon as it begins, is more effective than waiting until the chain of behavior has been completed

33
Q

punishment is most effective when the punisher follows each

A

Response

34
Q

gradually shift to an ——______schedule of punishment

A

Intermittent

35
Q

mediate unavoidable response to punishment delay

A

consequences intended to serve as punishers for problem. Behavior are frequently delayed in the natural environment. Realistically delays may occur because caregivers are unable to monitor behaviors continuously

36
Q

supplement punishment with complementary interventions

A

Applied behavior analysis typically do not use punishment as a single intervention. They combine punishment with other interventions, primary differential reinforcement extinction, and a variety of antecedent interventions.

37
Q

Ethical considerations regarding the use of punishment

A

Right to safe and humane treatment, least restrictive, alternative and right to effective treatment

38
Q

_________has occurred when a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the frequency of that type of behavior in the future.

A

Punishment

39
Q

Punishment is _______neither by the action of the person delivering the consequence, nor by the nature of those consequences

A

Defined

40
Q

A decrease in the future occurrences of the behavior must be observed before consequence based intervention qualifies as punishment. True or false

A

True

41
Q

Positive punishment has occurred when the presentation of of a stimulus or an increase in the intensity of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior results in the decrease in the ________of behavior

A

Frequency

42
Q

________punishment has occurred when the termination of an already present stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of an already presents stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a decrease in future occurrences of behavior.

A

Negative

43
Q

Because _________ are associated with positive punishment and with negative reinforcement the terms aversive control is often used to describe interventions involving either or both of these two principles.

A

Aversive events

44
Q

A _________is a stimulus change that immediately follows the occurrence of a behavior and reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior.

A

Punisher

45
Q

An unconditioned punisher is a stimulus his presentation functions as punishment without her being paired with any other ________

A

Punisher

46
Q

A _______punisher is a stimulus change that has acquired its punishing capabilities by being impaired with unconditioned and conditioned punishers.

A

Confitioned

47
Q

A __________condition punisher will function as punishment under a wide range of motivating operations because of its previous pairing with numerous unconditioned and conditioned punishers.

A

Generalized

48
Q

punishment is more effective when the onset of the punisher occurs as soon as possible after the target response the intensity of the punisher is high. Each occurrence of the behavior is followed by the punishing consequence reinforcement for the target behavior is reduced reinforcement is available for alternative behaviors..

A
49
Q

possible side effects and problems with punishment, __________and aggressive reactions __________and avoidance behaviors, behavioral _______reduced responding from punishment in one setting or situation may be accompanied by increased responding in another setting or situation and which responses go unpunished modeling of undesirable behavior, overuse of punishment caused by the negative reinforcement of the punishing agent behavior

A

emotional, escape, contrast,

50
Q

Positive punishment intervention reprimand

A

No

51
Q

Response blocking when the learner begins to admit the problem behavior, the therapist physically intervenes to prevent or block the completion of the response

A

response blocking

52
Q

response __________and redirection this approach is a variation of response blocking the consist of interrupting stereotypic behavior on its onset and redirecting the individual to complete a high probability behavior instead

A

Interruption

53
Q

contingent exercise in this intervention the client is required to perform a response to this, not __________ related to the problem behavior.

A

Topographically

54
Q

contingent exercise in this intervention the client is required to perform a response to this, not __________ related to the problem behavior.

A

Topographically

55
Q

over correction this is a punishment based tactic in which contingent on each occurrence of the problem behavior. The learner is required to engage an effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the ____________

A

Problem

56
Q

________________and this intervention, the learners required to repair the damage caused by the problem behavior and then to engage in additional behavior that brings the environment to a condition better than it was prior to the misbehavior.

A

Restitutional overcorrection

57
Q

in this type of overcorrection, the learner repeatedly performs a correct form of of the behavior or the a behavior incompatible with a problem behavior for a specified time or number of responses.

A

Positive practice overcorrection

58
Q

_________in this intervention the client is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.

A

Contingent exercise

59
Q

_____________over correction, and this type of overcorrection, the learner repeatedly performs a correct form of the behavior or a behavior incompatible with the problem behavior for a specific time or number of responses.

A

Positive practice

60
Q

___________ in this intervention the client is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.

A

Contingent exercise

61
Q

Ways to apply punishment effectively select effective and appropriate punishers conduct punisher assessments to identify the ________punisher that can be applied consistently and safely use punishers of sufficient quality and intensity. Use a variety of punishers to combat habituation and increase the effectiveness of punishers..

A

Least intrusive

62
Q

if ___________consist of response chain deliver the punisher as early in the response sequence as possible.

A

Problem behavior

63
Q

Punish each occurrence of the behavior true or false

A

True

64
Q

if maintaining a ____________schedule is impractical gradually shift to the intermittent schedule of punishment combined with extinction.

A

Continuous

65
Q

The first ________responsibility for any human service, professional or agency is to do no harm any intervention must be physically safe for all involved and contain no elements that are regarded or disrespected to the client.

A

Ethical

66
Q

The doctrine of the least restrictive alternative holds the less intrusive procedures. Positive reductive approaches must be tried first and found to be ineffective for more _________procedures are implemented.

A

Intrusive

67
Q

A clients right to __________raises an important ethical issue some maintain that the failure to use a punishment procedure that research has shown to suppress self-destructive behavior is unethical because it withhold a potentially effective treatment and may maintain a dangerous or uncomfortable state for the client.

A

Effective treatment

68
Q

agencies and individuals providing applied behavior. Analysis services can help ensure that applications of ______________are safe you main ethical and effective by creating the following a set of policy standards procedure, safeguards, and evaluation requirements.

A

Punishment based interventions

69
Q

Applied behavior analyst should recognize and appreciate the natural role of punishment and importance of punishment to learning true or false

A

True

70
Q

many miss applications of ______, reflective fields, incomplete knowledge of the principal more basic and applied research on punishment is needed.

A

Punishment

71
Q

apply behavior analyst should advocate for judicious and __________ application punishment incorporate a full range of differential reinforcement contingencies and a student interventions and extensions to reduce behaviors study the conditions under which default technologies are considered and use so as to eventually make them unnecessary

A

Ethical

72
Q

effective use of timeout requires that the behaviors leading to the duration of an exit criteria for time out the explicitly stated further practitioners. Must decide whether to use non-exclusion or __________time out.

A

Exclusion

73
Q

The _________ of any individual timeout session, the behavior criteria that prompts termination of time out, and the duration of timeout program need to be made explicit before launching time out appropriate, ethical and legal guidelines should be followed.

A
74
Q

The majority of application permission is required before timeout can be implemented. True or false

A

True

BCBA Final (18 decks)

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