Chapter 15 Flashcards
Deism
Deists believe in reason rather than revelation. They do believe in a creator, but not one who interferes in human affairs. Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin were deists.
The 2nd Great Awakening
A religious revival that greatly benefited Baptists and Methodists. Women were included in this revival and they kept spirit of the movement alive in the home. Famous preachers included Peter Cartwright and Charles FInney.
Burned Over District
The area of western New York that was “burned over” with the fiery sermons of the puritanical church leaders in that region. From this region many unique religious beliefs would be spawned.
Mormons
Founded by Joseph Smith. They eventually settled in Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young. They upset many Americans because they voted as a unit, and they practiced polygamy.
Horace Mann
An education reformer who fought for textbooks, better teachers, expanded curriculum and more and better schoolhouses. His reforms, which began in Massachusetts, spread outward from New England.
Oberlin College
The first institution of higher education that accepted women, 1837, They also accepted African-Americans two years earlier.
Which segment of society was the most actively involved the reform movements of the early 1800’s?
Women. Middle Class and upper middle class women had the resources, the education, and the time to be involved in these movements. The major pre-civil war movements were for Temperance, Abolition and Women’s Rights.
Dorothea Dix
A woman who worked tirelessly for reform of asylums and other institutions for the care of the mentally ill.
Main Law of 1851
The first of series of prohibition laws. This law prohibited the production and sale of alcohol in Maine.
Susan B. Anthony
A persistent reform figure. She began her career in the Temperance movement, later she moved on to Women’s Rights, most notably the Suffrage movement.
Seneca Falls Convention
A meeting in New York in 1848. This meeting to protest for the Rights of Women is notable for the creation of a Declaration of Sentiments. In this document Elizabeth Cady Stanton declared that “all men and women are created equal.”
Utopian Communities
Brook Farm, Massachusetts. New Harmony, Indiana. Oneida Community, New York. Shakers. Utopian Communities sought to create perfection in community. Instead most of them failed because of financial reasons.
John J. Audubon
He wrote Birds of America. He is widely celebrated as the leading naturalist of the pre-civil war era.
Hudson River School
An art school that specialized in the production of paintings of expansive American landscapes.
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalists believed that truth could not be found through sense alone, but rather through the inner light that each person possessed. This could illuminate a person and put them in direct contact with nature or god.
