Chapter 15 Flashcards
DEFINE
Morality
A set of principles or ideals that distinguishes right from wrong
LIST
What are the 5 moral foundations that human morality rests on?
- Care
- Fairness
- Loyalty
- Authority
- Purity
EXPLAIN
What is the social domain theory?
a developmental framework that explains how people understand and make judgments about social situations by identifying 2 distinct domains: moral, and social-conventional
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?
Empathy is understanding and sharing the feelings of another person, while sympathy is feeling sorry for someone else’s misfortune, without necessarily sharing their emotions
DEFINE
Sympathetic Distress
Feeling of sympathy that may be elicited when we experience the emotions of another
DEFINE
Self-Oriented Distress
Feeling of personal discomfort that may be elicited when experiencing the emotions of another
altruism: selfless concern for the well-being of others
EXPLAIN
At what age do we begin to show a preference for helpfulness?
6 to 12 months
EXPLAIN
At what age do we begin to engage in helpful behaviour without prompting?
14 to 18 months
EXPLAIN
What is induction disipline?
When a child is disciplined by emphasising its effects on others to dissuade the behaviour
LIST
What are the 3 stages of ** Piaget**’s theory of moral development?
- Premoral period (B-4y): limited concern for rules
- Heteronomous morality (5-10y): views rules of authority figures as unaltering
- Autonomous morality (10y+): understanding that rules are arbitrary agreements that can be challenged and changed
LIST
What are the 3 stages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
- Preconventional morality: Based on consequences
- Conventional morality: Desire to gain approval
- Postconventional morality: Principles of justice
LIST
What are the 3 types of aggression?
- Reactive: Acts for which the goal is to harm or injure
- Proactive: Acts for which the goal is to gain access
- Relational: Acts for which the goal is damaging non-tangible things (self-esteem, friendships, social status, etc)
EXPLAIN
When does reactive aggression appear?
End of first year of life
EXPLAIN
Does aggression become more physical or verbal as we go through childhood?
Becomes more verbal
